HomeMy WebLinkAboutPA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights) - Cahuilla (city response)Outlook
RE: PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
From Carlos Serna <cserna@lake-elsinore.org>
Date Thu 10/3/2024 2:04 PM
To
1 attachment (8 MB)
TR 7 -Cultural and Paleo - Elsinore Heights Report 2024-02-13.pdf;
Good Afternoon,
City staff has received your response and has attached the Cultural Resources Report for your review.
Please note the Cultural Resources report is currently being revised by the developer, I will forward the
updated report once I receive it.
Please let me know if you require any additional items.
Best Regards,
Carlos I. Serna, MPP
Associate Planner
cserna@Lake-Elsinore.org
951.674.3124 ext.916
From:
Sent: Tuesday, September 3, 2024 2:03 PM
To: Carlos Serna <cserna@lake-elsinore.org>; <
Subject: Re: PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
Hello,
The Cahuilla Band has received your project letter notification regarding the project above and Cahuilla
would like to request all cultural materials associated with the project for review.
Respectfully,
BobbyRay Esparza
Cultural Director
Cahuilla Band of Indians
Some people who received this message don't often get email from cserna@lake-
elsinore.org. Learn why this is important
Email: besparza@cahuilla-nsn.gov
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legally exempt from disclosure. It is intended exclusively for the use of the individual or entity to which it is
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e-mail and delete all copies of the message."
From: Carlos Serna <cserna@lake-elsinore.org>
Sent: Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:33 AM
To: Chair < ; BobbyRay Esparza < ; Anthony Madrigal Sr.
<
Subject: RE: PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
Hello,
My apologies, I input the incorrect project name in the text of my email, please see below with corrected
project name. I apologies for any confusion I may have caused.
Best Regards,
Carlos I. Serna, MPP
Associate Planner
cserna@Lake-Elsinore.org
951.674.3124 ext.916
From: Carlos Serna
Sent: Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:29 AM
To:
Subject: PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
Importance: High
Good morning,
I’ve attached an SB 18 notification letter regarding the Elsinore Heights Project in the City of Lake
Elsinore. A copy of this letter has also been delivered to you via U.S. mail.
Thank you for your consideration and please let me know if you have any questions.
Best Regards,
Carlos I. Serna, MPP
Associate Planner
cserna@Lake-Elsinore.org
951.674.3124 ext.916
Outlook
PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
From Carlos Serna <cserna@lake-elsinore.org>
Date Tue 9/3/2024 10:28 AM
To
1 attachment (376 KB)
PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights) SB 18 Notification Cahuilla.pdf;
Good morning,
I’ve attached an SB 18 notification letter regarding the Reflections Lake Elsinore Project in the City of
Lake Elsinore. A copy of this letter has also been delivered to you via U.S. mail.
Thank you for your consideration and please let me know if you have any questions.
Best Regards,
Carlos I. Serna, MPP
Associate Planner
cserna@Lake-Elsinore.org
951.674.3124 ext.916
Outlook
RE: PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
From Carlos Serna <cserna@lake-elsinore.org>
Date Tue 9/3/2024 10:33 AM
To
Hello,
My apologies, I input the incorrect project name in the text of my email, please see below with corrected
project name. I apologies for any confusion I may have caused.
Best Regards,
Carlos I. Serna, MPP
Associate Planner
cserna@Lake-Elsinore.org
951.674.3124 ext.916
From: Carlos Serna
Sent: Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:29 AM
To:
Subject: PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
Importance: High
Good morning,
I’ve attached an SB 18 notification letter regarding the Elsinore Heights Project in the City of Lake
Elsinore. A copy of this letter has also been delivered to you via U.S. mail.
Thank you for your consideration and please let me know if you have any questions.
Best Regards,
Carlos I. Serna, MPP
Associate Planner
cserna@Lake-Elsinore.org
951.674.3124 ext.916
September 3, 2024
VIA EMAIL
Cahuilla Band of Indians
Attn: Erica Schenk
RE: Senate Bill 18 Formal Notification for Planning Application No. 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights), City of
Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California
To Whom it May Concern:
In accordance with Senate Bill 18, this letter is to notify you that the City of Lake Elsinore has received and is
currently processing the above-referenced application requesting approval to amend the City’s General Plan
(General Plan Amendment No. 2024-01) in conjunction with the following discretionary approvals to carry out a
private development project within our jurisdiction: Zone Change No. 2024-01, Conditional Use Permit No. 2024-
01, and Industrial Design Review No. 2024-01. A project description and map of the proposed development site
are attached to this letter for your reference.
Pursuant to Government Code § 65352.3(a)(2), you have 90 days from the receipt of this notice to request, in
writing, consultation with the City of Lake Elsinore. Requests for consultation should be addressed to:
Carlos Serna, Associate Planner
City of Lake Elsinore
130 S. Main Street
Lake Elsinore, CA 92530
If you have questions about this letter, please contact me at (951) 674-3124 ext. 916 or cserna@lake-
elsinore.org. Thank you for your anticipated coordination.
Respectfully,
Carlos Serna
Carlos Serna
Associate Planner
City of Lake Elsinore
CC: Case File
Damaris Abraham, Community Development Director
Encl: Project Description
Project Location Map
PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
SB 18 Formal Notification
09/03/2024
Page 2 of 4
Project Description: Planning Application No. 2023-35 is a request for approval of a General Plan Amendment
to modify the project site’s General Plan Land Use Designations from Business Professional and Hillside
Residential to the Business Professional, Medium Density Residential, and Floodway designations. A Zone
Change proposes to modify the existing Zoning Designations from Commercial Office (CO), and Rural
Mountainous Residential (RMR) to Limited Manufacturing (M-1), Open Space (OS), and Medium Density
Residential (R-2). The applicant also requests approval for a Conditional Use Permit and Industrial Design
Review to develop and operate four (4) warehouse buildings including one (1) 247,980 sq. ft. building, one (1)
239,700 sq. ft building, one (1) 27,600 sq. ft. building, one (1) 39,780 sq. ft building and related site
improvements. The proposed Tentative Tract Map No. 38897 proposes to subdivide the approximately 61-acre
site into five (5) legal parcels ranging in size from 5.12-acres to 21.58-acres, public right of way dedications, and
one (1) 0.16-acre remainder parcel.
APNs: 347-250-010, 374-250-011, 377-110-045, 377-110-057, and 377-110-058
Property Owner(s) and Applicant:
Talha Chaudhry – V22 Investments, LLC
PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
SB 18 Formal Notification
09/03/2024
Page 3 of 4
PA 2023-35 (Elsinore Heights)
SB 18 Formal Notification
09/03/2024
Page 4 of 4
Cultural and Paleontological
Resources Assessment
Elsinore Heights Mixed Use
Project
City of Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California
Prepared for:
Vectra Capital, LLC.
445 Park Avenue
New York City, New York
Prepared by:
Morgan Bender, M.A., RPA, Adrian Garibay, B.S.
and Curt Duke, M.A., RPA
Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC
18 Technology Drive, Suite 103
Irvine, CA 92618
Project Number: C-0400
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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC (DUKE CRM) is under contract to Vectra Capital, LLC to
provide cultural and paleontological resources services for the Elsinore Heights Mixed Use Project, located in
the City of Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California. The property is approximately 60 acres in size. The
purpose of this study is to provide the necessary information and analysis to the City of Lake Elsinore (CITY)
as the lead agency to determine whether the proposed Project would cause impacts to historical,
archaeological, and/or paleontological resources that may exist in or adjacent to the Project area. This work
was conducted in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
The cultural and paleontological resources assessment included a records search for cultural resources at the
Eastern Information Center (EIC), and online paleontological research through the on-line files of the
University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), the Riverside County Land Information System
(RCLIS), and other published resources.
Cultural Resources
The results of the EIC records search indicate that there are four (4) previously recorded cultural resources
within ½ mile of the Project. There are no recorded resources within the Project. Additionally, the field
survey did not identify any cultural resources within the Project boundary. It is not likely that any
archaeological resources will be impacted by the Project.
If human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further
disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition
pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find
immediately. If the remains are determined to be prehistoric, the Coroner will notify the Native American
Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the
permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the
discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD
may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with
Native American burials.
Paleontological Resources
On-line research conducted on University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), the Riverside
County Land Information System (RCLIS), and other published resources indicates that the Project area is in
an undetermined area for paleontological sensitivity. However, the RCLIS indicates the area approximately
¼-miles west of the Project has high sensitivity for paleontological resources. The RCLIS shows the project
area is predominantly underlain in the southern half by Mesozoic age Phyllite. Phyllite is a metamorphic rock,
which fossils are not usually found in. The Southwestern portion of the jobsite is underlain by a small sliver
of Quaternary alluvial-channel deposits (Qyf) the northern portion of the jobsite along with most of the
eastern edge are underlain by Holocene to late Pleistocene alluvial-channel deposits (Qya). Paleontological
monitoring is not recommended when working in the southern area of the jobsite. However, should
excavation be done in the northern areas of the jobsite a paleontological monitor is recommended. If
paleontological resources are encountered, work in the immediate area shall be halted until such time as a
qualified paleontologist can assess the find.
Paleontological Monitoring Guidelines- A paleontological monitor shall be present during ground
disturbing activities in the northern portion of the project. The monitor shall work under the direct
supervision of a qualified Paleontologist (B.S./B.A. in paleontology, or related discipline with an emphasis in
paleontology and demonstrated competence in paleontological research, fieldwork, reporting, and curation).
1. The qualified paleontologist shall be on-site at the pre-construction meeting to discuss monitoring
protocols as stated in a Worker’s Environmental Awareness Program.
2. The paleontological monitor shall be present full-time during ground disturbance activities in the
northern portion of the project, including but not limited to clearing, grading, trenching, utilities, and
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off-site easements. If, after excavation begins, the qualified paleontologist determines that the
sediments are not likely to produce paleontological resources, monitoring efforts shall be reduced or
curtailed.
3. The monitor shall be empowered to temporarily halt or redirect grading efforts if paleontological
resources are discovered.
4. In the event of a paleontological discovery the monitor shall flag the area and notify the construction
crew immediately. No further disturbance shall occur within a 50-foot radius of the find until the
qualified paleontological in consultation with City planners has cleared the area.
5. In consultation with the lead paleontological the monitor shall quickly assess the nature and
significance of the find. If the resource does not the significance criteria it shall be mapped,
documented, removed, and the area cleared for construction to continue.
6. If the discovery has the potential to meet the criteria for significance the qualified paleontologist shall
notify the CLIENT and CITY immediately.
7. In consultation with the CLIENT and CITY the qualified paleontologist shall develop an evaluation
plan of to fully assess the resource significance. If significant and preservation is not viable,
mitigation will likely include data recovery excavation, analysis, reporting and curation of the artifacts
in a qualified repository.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ i
Cultural Resources........................................................................................................................................................... i
Paleontological Resources .............................................................................................................................................. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................... iii
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
SETTING ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Geology ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Cultural ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Prehistory .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Ethnography ............................................................................................................................................................... 8
History ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
METHODS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Research Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Research ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Field Survey ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Key Personnel ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Records search .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................................................... 11
Paleontological Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Field Survey ................................................................................................................................................................... 12
IMPACTS ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................................... 20
RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 20
REFERENCES CITED.................................................................................................................................................. 22
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Vicinity Map .......................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2: USGS Project Location Map ............................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 3: Project Aerial Photo .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 4: Geology Map ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 5: Site Overview View to southwest. ................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 6: Site Overview View to northwest. ................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 7: Site Overview View to northwest. ................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 8: Site Overview View to southeast. .................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 9: Site Overview View to north .......................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 10: Modern Debris View to northwest ............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 11: Ground Cover View to east ......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 12: Ground cover View to south ....................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 13: Site overview. View to north ………...…………………………………………………………..17
Figure 14: Site overview. View to south ………...…………………………………………………………..17
Figure 15: Site overview. View to east ………...……………………………………………………………18
Figure 16: Site overview. View to west. ………...…………………………………………………………...18
Figure 17: Closeup of exposed sediment/gravel. Plan view…………………………………………..……..19
Figure 18: Overview of modern refuse scatter. View to north ………...………………………………...…..19
TABLE OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Resumes
Appendix B: Native American Heritage Commission for Sacred Land Files
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TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS
AB Assembly Bill
B.A. Bachelor of Arts
BP before present
B.S. Bachelor of Science
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CITY City of Lake Elsinore
CLIENT Vectra Capital, LLC.
DUKE CRM Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC
EIC Eastern Information Center
M.A. Master of Arts
M.S. Master of Science
MLD Most Likely Descendant
Mzp Phylite, Mesozoic
NAHC Native American Heritage Commission
NRHP National Register of Historic Places-
PCT Paleocoastal Tradition
RCLIS Riverside County Land Information System
RPA Registered Professional Archaeologist
TCR Tribal Cultural Resources
Qya Young alluvial-channel deposits
Qyf Young alluvial-fan deposits
UCMP University of California Museum of Paleontology
USGS United States Geological Survey
WPLT Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition
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INTRODUCTION
Duke Cultural Resources Management, LLC (DUKE CRM) is under contract to Vectra Capital, LLC.
(CLIENT) to provide cultural and paleontological resources services for the Elsinore Heights Project, located
in the City of Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California (Figure 1, Project Vicinity Map). The property is
approximately 60 acres in size. The purpose of this study is to provide the necessary information and analysis
to the City of Lake Elsinore (CITY) as the lead agency to determine whether the proposed Project would
cause significant impacts to historical, archaeological, and/or paleontological resources that may result from
the Project in the Project area to comply with requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA).
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Project is situated on APNs 3472-500-10, -11, 3771-100-45, -57, and -58 with Weber Street to the north
and Camino del Norte to the south (Figure 2, United States Geological Survey [USGS] Project Location
Map). The Project is located in the Sections 31 and 32, Township 5 South, Range 4 West, San Bernadino
Baseline and Meridian as depicted on the, USGS Lake Elsinore, Calif. 7.5-minute quadrangle. The Project is
located on open land with residential (approximately 150 homes) and commercial (two warehouses)
properties (Figure 3, Project Aerial Photograph). The Project proposes to develop two (2) mid-size wholesale
distribution buildings, two (2) small-size light industrial warehouse buildings, and one (1) parcel designated
for potential development of 64 attached dwelling units.
SETTING
Geology
California is divided into 11 geomorphic provinces, each naturally defined by unique geologic and
geomorphic characteristics. The Project is located in the northwestern portion of the Peninsular Ranges
geomorphic province. The Peninsular Ranges province is distinguished by northwest trending mountain
ranges and valleys following faults branching from the San Andreas Fault. The Peninsular Ranges are bound
to the east by the Colorado Desert and extend north to the San Bernardino – Riverside County line (Norris
and Webb 1976), west into the submarine continental shelf, and south to the tip of Baja California.
Project elevation is approximately 730 feet above mean sea level. The geology of the Project area has been
mapped by Morton and Weber (2003) at a scale of 1:250,000 (Figure 4). A review of this map indicates that
the Project area is predominantly underlain in the Southern half by Mesozoic metamorphic deposits (Mzp),
and in the Northern portion by young alluvial channel deposits (Qya). There is a small sliver of what is
mapped as young alluvial fan deposits (Qyf) along the southeastern edge of the project area. Morton and
Weber, 2003 state that (Qyf) includes units Qyf (young alluvial-fan deposits), Qya (young alluvial-channel
deposits, and Qyv (young alluvial-valley deposits).
- Mesozoic Phyllite: This unit is described as a fissile black phyllite with elongate fine-grained
white micas, that may be pseudomorphs. Since this is a metamorphic deposit the likelihood
of fossils being preserved within it is unlikely, as they would be destroyed during the
metamorphic processes. This unit should therefore be given a low sensitivity.
- Young alluvial-fan deposits: This unit is described to be unconsolidated deposits of alluvial
fans and drainage fans consisting of gravel, sand and silt. It is also described that this deposit
has a higher percentage of coarse-grained sediments in the proximal areas of the drainage.
This unit included the young alluvial channel deposits (Qya) as a member of this unit.
- Young alluvial-channel deposits: This unit is described to be young fluvial deposits that
consist of unconsolidated sand, silt, and clay-bearing alluvium.
Vegetation within the Project is dominated by grasses and other shrubs present in high density on the south
side. The northern half of the site has little vegetation due to the soil being recently turned and several
residential.
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Cultural
Prehistory
Two primary regional schema are commonly cited in the archaeological literature for western Riverside
County where the Project is located. These schema or syntheses generalize the presence or absence of certain
artifact types into explanatory frameworks of temporal chronologies and/or subsistence practices. Schemas
are necessary because many archaeological sites lack absolute datable material (e.g. carbon for radiometric
[C14]dating) and requiring researchers to cross-date sites by comparison to coastal or desert chronologies
with established chronological sequences backed by absolute dates. In western Riverside County, where the
Project is located, it is thought to be the meeting ground of both schemas and consequently neither schema
(coastal vs inland desert) exclusively explain prehistoric finds.
The earlier schema, advanced by Wallace (1955), defines four cultural horizons for the southern California
coastal province, each with characteristic local variations:
I. Early Man (~9000–8500 before present [B.P.]) is a hunting culture based on almost exclusive
evidence of chipped-stone hunting materials: dart points, scrapers, choppers, and bifaces.
II. Milling Stone (8500–4000 B.P.) reflects a change to a more sedentary, plant-collecting lifestyle as
evidenced by the introduction and dominance of milling stone artifacts and a decrease in well-
made projectile points.
III. Intermediate (4000–1500 B.P.) is characterized by a larger dependency on hunting, introduction
of the bow and arrow, and the shift from using the mano/metate to mortar/pestle. However,
knowledge of this horizon suffers from lack of knowledge about what occurred during this time,
not a lack of inhabitants along the southern California coast.
IV. Late Prehistoric (1500~200 B.P.) contains a more nuanced artifact assemblage indicative of a
more complex lifestyle and an increase in population. This horizon is characterized by an
increase in bow and arrow use, steatite containers, pottery, circular fishhooks, perforated stones,
asphaltum, diversified bone tools, ample shell ornaments, and elaborate mortuary customs.
Warren and Crabtree (1986) schema employs an ecological approach to the deserts of southern California,
defining five traditions in prehistory:
I. Lake Mojave (12000–7000 B.P.)
II. Pinto (7000–4000 B.P.)
III. Gypsum (4000–1500 B.P.)
IV. Saratoga Springs (1500–800 B.P.)
V. Shoshonean (800~200 B.P.)
The Warren and Crabtree (1986) viewed cultural continuity and change in terms of various significant
environmental shifts, defining the cultural ecological approach for archaeological research of the California
deserts. The authors viewed changes in settlement pattern and subsistence as cultural adaptations to a
changing environment, beginning with the gradual environmental warming in the late Pleistocene, the
desiccation of the desert lakes during the early Holocene, the short return to pluvial conditions during the
middle Holocene, and the general warming and drying trend, with periodic reversals, which continues to this
day. The work by Warren and Crabtree (1986) is built upon, in part, Warren (1980) in which he argued for a
chronology based on projectile points as period markers backed by radiocarbon assays providing absolute
dates.
The two-schema contrast in important ways. The units employed by Warren are “traditions,” and in contrast
to Wallace (1955), traditions may be spatially restricted but display temporal continuity. For Wallace,
“horizons” or “periods,” are extensive through space but restricted in time. More recent schema has been
attempted to reconcile these differences. Koerper and Drover (1983) synthesized chronologies for coastal
southern California and employed Wallace’s (1955) horizon terminology but use radiometric data to sequence
---------=-----
/
Project Area
/
Map 1 - Project Vicinity
Elsinore Heights Mixed Use Project, Lake Elsinore, C-0400
eProject Area
0
1:17,498,182
Service, ayer Credits: World Street Map: Esri, HERE, Garmin, NGA, USGS World veet Map: City of Riverside, County of Riverside, Bureau of
L�nd Management, Esri, HERE, Garmin, NGA, USGS, NPS
6 12 Miles N
1:360,000
Map 2 - Project Location Elsinore Heights Mixed Use Project, Lake Elsinore, C-0400 Elsinore, Ca/if USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle T5S, R4W, Section 31 & 32
Date of Map: 1953 / Photorevised: 1997 ca Project Area 0
0 0.25
1:24 000
0.25 0.5
Miles
0.5
Kilometers
N A
Map 3 - Project Aerial Photo Elsinore Heights Mixed Use Project, C-0400 c:::J Project Area 0 1:5,000 200 400 Feet N A
Geology from Morton and Weber (2003): c::::J Project Area Map 4 - Project Geology Elsinore Heights Mixed Use Project,
C-0400
Qyf: young alluvial-fan deposits, Holocene and late
Pleistocene
... :· .. ·. Qya: young alluvial-channel deposits, Holocene and
••• • ·' :-late Pleistocene
-Mzp: Phylite, Mesozoic
0 200 400
•••c::::=::::J Feet
1:5,000
N A
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stylistic changes observed in the artifact assemblages, which they interpreted as material indication of cultural
change through time. Regardless of the overall schema to best explain the prehistory of western Riverside
County, the region can be understood within broad chronological frameworks and as the meeting ground of
the coastal and desert subsistence patterns.
Early Holocene (11,600 – 7,600 BP)
Traditional models of the prehistory of California hypothesize that its first inhabitants were the big game
hunting Paleoindians who lived at the close of the last ice-age (~11,000 years before present [BP]). As the
environment warmed and dried, large Ice Age fauna died out, requiring adaption by groups to survive. The
western Great Basin and deserts of southern California were characterized by large pluvial (rainfall-fed) lakes,
streams, marshes, and grasslands. The human response to this environment is known as the Western Pluvial
Lakes Tradition (WPLT) (Moratto 1984). The WPLT is generally identified by an advanced flaked-stone
industry of foliate knives/points, Silver Lake and Lake Mojave projectile points, lanceolate bifaces, and long-
stemmed projectile points (Warren & Crabtree 1986). Other flaked-stone tools include crescents, scrapers,
choppers, scraper-planes, hammer stones, cores, drills, and gravers. People of this period hunted diverse
populations of smaller animals and collected a wide number of plants from diverse eco-zones. Importantly,
this period lacks widespread evidence of milling stones, and, therefore, hard seed processing was likely not
widely practiced. Sites are generally found along the shores of former pluvial lakes, marshes, and streams
(Moratto 1984). The desert manifestation of the WPLT is the Lake Mojave Complex, while along the coast
the WPLT is seen in the San Dieguito Complex. Along the coast, rising sea levels created bays and estuaries.
Following initial settlement along the coast, groups adopted marine subsistence including fish and shellfish.
These shell middens contain flaked cobble tools, metates, manos, discoidals, and flexed burials and allowed
for a semi sedentary lifestyle (Byrd and Raab 2007). Eventually, shellfish became the primary source of food,
while plant gathering, hunting and fishing were less important.
Middle Holocene (7,600 – 3,650 BP)
The middle Holocene is a time of change and transition. As conditions continued to warm and dry, lakes and
streams in the desert disappeared. This resulted in a shift in subsistence strategies, namely a shift to the
gathering of plant seeds, grasses and shellfish along the coast as the primary dietary staple. Fishing and the
hunting of smaller animals played a less vital role in day-to-day activity. This shift in subsistence is what
Wallace named the Millingstone Horizon (Wallace 1955) and this name has continued among archaeologists
working on the coastal province of southern California. Large habitations are seen in the inland areas and
considerable variability is seen along coastal occupation of southern California. Occupation revolved around
seasonal and semi-sedentary movements in coastal Orange and San Diego counties. Trade networks are
postulated by researchers that have dated Olivella grooved rectangle shell beads as far north as central Oregon
dating to 4900-3500 BP (Byrd and Raab 2007). Characteristics of the middle Holocene sites include ground
stone artifacts (manos and metates) used for processing plant material and shellfish, flexed burial beneath
rock or milling stone cairns, flaked core or cobble tools, dart points, cogstones, and discoidals.
Late Holocene (3,650 – 233 BP)
During the late Holocene, and perhaps earlier there was a migration of Takic speakers from the Great Basin
into southern California. Characteristics of the late Holocene include the introduction of the bow and arrow,
mortar and pestle, use of ceramics, and a change in mortuary behavior from inhumations to cremations in
much of southern California. This was also a period of climatic fluctuation. Paleoenvironmental data show
that periods of drought alternated with cooler and moister periods (Vellanoweth and Grenda 2002; Byrd and
Raab 2007; Jones et al. 2004). This resulted in dynamic regional cultural patterns with considerable local
variation. Byrd and Raab (2007) suggest that foragers in southern California over-exploited high-ranked food,
such as shellfish, fish, marine and land mammals, and plant remains. This led to resource depression, causing
people to forage more costly resources that were more abundant, such as acorns.
Ethnography
The Project is located within the ethnographic territory of the Luiseño. The Luiseño are Takic speakers and
are descended from Late Prehistoric populations of the region. Takic is part of the larger Uto-Aztecan
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language stock which migrated west from the Great Basin (Bean and Smith 1978, Shipley 1978). The Luiseño
name for Lake Elsinore is Paiakhche, (Kroeber 1925:144, 147). The village of Paiahche is ethnographically
documented immediately north of the lake by Kroeber (1925), however consultation with the Pechanga tribe
shows that the village was located northwest of the Lake and that the correct spelling is Páayaxchi. This name
also refers to the Lake itself.
Luiseño
The Luiseño lived in sedentary and independent village groups, each with specific subsistence territories
encompassing hunting, food gathering, and fishing areas. Villages were usually located in valley basins, along
creeks and streams adjacent to mountain ranges where water was available and where the villages would be
protected from environmental conditions and potential enemies. Most inland populations had access to
fishing and food gathering sites on the coast (Bean and Shipek 1978).
Luiseño economic and subsistence practices centered upon the seasonal gathering of acorns and seeds; the
hunting of deer and small mammals such as rabbits, wood rats, ground squirrels, and birds. Coastal foods
included sea mammals, fish and shellfish. Tool technologies were organized around food collection, storage,
and preparation strategies, which were reflected in the type, size, and quantity of food items gathered. Stone
(lithic) tools included two types: ground stone and flaked stone tools. Ground stone equipment included:
mortars, pestles, manos and metate grinding slicks, made from granite, schist, and gneiss. Flaked tools
included: bifaces, projectile points, scrapers, and gravers, fabricated from siliceous rock such as chert and
jasper, microcrystalline chalcedony, obsidian, fine grain igneous rocks such as basalt rhyolite, and andesite,
and hard silica such as quarts and quartzite. Utilitarian tools were constructed from wood, animal bones,
skins, and/or woven from flora materials depending on need (Lovin 1963). Hunting activities were conducted
both on an individual basis and/or organized into group activities, depending on seasonal factors and the
game hunted. Acorns encompassed as much 50 percent of the Luiseño diet (White 1963). Acorns provided a
reliable and abundant food source that was high in calories and could be easily stored for future use. Acorn
collection was a central tenant in the lives of the Luiseños and dominated their economic and social structure
(Basgall 1987, Johnson and Earle 1987).
Villages were organized around an inherited chief who exerted sole control over the economy, religious
rituals, and territorial matters within the village (Bean and Shipek 1978:555). The chief at times would consult
with a council of elders and shamans on matters of religious practices and on environmental conditions
effecting village life. Large villages may have had a complex behavioral and political structure due to their
territorial size and economic control, while the smaller villages’ political complexity was limited by their
territorial size (Strong 1929; Bean and Shipek 1978:555).
History
In California, the historic era is generally divided into three periods: the Spanish or Mission Period (1769 to
1821), the Mexican or Rancho Period (1821 to 1848), and the American Period (1848 to present). The
Spanish Period (1769-1821) is represented by exploration of the region; establishment of the San Diego
Presidio and missions at San Gabriel and San Luis Rey; and the introduction of livestock, agricultural goods,
and European architecture and construction techniques. Early exploration of the Riverside County area began
in 1772 when Lieutenant Pedro Fages (then Military Governor of San Diego) crossed through the San Jacinto
Valley. Permanent settlement began in the early 1800s through the issuance of land grants and grazing
permits, and Spanish influence continued to some extent after 1821, into the Mexican period.
The Mexican Period (1821-1848) began with Mexican independence from Spain and continued until the end
of the Mexican-American War. The Secularization Act resulted in the transfer, through land grants (called
ranchos) of large mission tracts to politically prominent individuals. Sixteen ranchos were granted in Riverside
County, the first to Juan Bandini in 1838. The Project is located in what was the Rancho La Laguna, also
known as Laguna Grande and La Laguna de Temecula. It was confirmed in 1844 in an official land grant to Julian
Manriquez by the Mexican governor of California. The rancho consisted of three leagues that included the
lakebed and the shoreline (Hampson 1991). At that time, cattle ranching was a more substantial business than
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agricultural activities, and trade in hides and tallow increased during the early portion of this period. Until the
Gold Rush of 1849, livestock and horticulture dominated California's economy.
The American Period (1848-present) began with the end of the Mexican-American War and the signing of the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo In 1850, California was accepted into the Union of the United States primarily
due to the population increase created by the Gold Rush of 1849. The cattle industry reached its greatest
prosperity during the first years of the American Period. Mexican Period land grants had created large
pastoral estates in California, and demand for beef during the Gold Rush led to a cattle boom that lasted
from 1849–1855. However, beginning about 1855, the demand for beef began to decline due to imports of
sheep from New Mexico and cattle from the Mississippi and Missouri Valleys. When the beef market
collapsed, many California ranchers lost their ranchos through foreclosure. A series of disastrous floods in
1861–1862, followed by two years of extreme drought, which continued to some extent until 1876, altered
ranching forever in the southern California area.
In 1883, the Machado Rancho was sold to Franklin Heald, one of the founders of Lake Elsinore. The three
other founders were Donald Graham, William Collier, and Margaret Collier Graham. Margaret chose the
name “Elsinore” for the City, chosen from Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The City of Lake Elsinore was
incorporated initially into San Diego County in 1888 before becoming part of the newly formed Riverside
County in 1893. The 1920s established the City as a playground for the rich and glamorous, and hosted
Olympic teams for training and boat racing. However, the lake went completely dry in the 1950s and lasted
for a period of 10 years before artificially filling the lake in 1964. In the early 1980s, Lake Elsinore had the
worst flooding in recorded history which knocked power out for days and homes to be destroyed. As a result
of the disastrous flood, the Lake Elsinore Management Project successfully obtained a U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation Small Project Act loan and grant. This allowed the City to put an end to the cycle of drought
and flood, becoming the first natural lake in California to use recycled water. The City of Lake Elsinore
continues to flourish, with the most recent city slogan of “Dream Extreme” to create a distinctive identify for
the city (Green et. Al 2005). Historic aerial photographs show that the Project property has not had any
development (HistoricAerials.com 2021).
METHODS
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The manner by which cultural and paleontological material is recovered and analyzed at each site is based on
the formulation of research questions and associated research domains. The domains focus data recovery
efforts on regionally important research issues and have been developed to identify basic knowledge common
to each field of study. These research objectives include:
1.Conduct a record search with the EIC and other archives in order to identify prior research
that has been conducted.
2.Conduct an intensive pedestrian survey of the property to inventory any
cultural/paleontological resources within the Project.
3.Using the data collected through research and field survey, present an analysis of the data
and make findings and recommendations for the treatment and/or protection of
cultural/paleontological resources in a report.
Research
On April 20, 2022, Morgan Bender, Master of Arts (M.A)., Registered professional Archeologist (RPA),
DUKE CRM conducted a records search at the EIC. The EIC is the Riverside County regional office of the
California Historical Resources Information System and is located at the University of California, Riverside.
This research was undertaken to establish the status and extent of previous surveys in the Project and to note
what types of cultural resources have been identified or might be expected to occur within or adjacent to the
Project. In addition, the records search identified cultural resources listed on or determined eligible for listing
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on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and/or California Register of Historical Resources
located within or near the Project area. In addition, Ms. Bender contacted the Native American Heritage
Commission (NAHC) for a search of the Sacred Land Files on May 3, 2022. The internal archives at DUKE
CRM along with a review of historic aerial photographs and historical USGS topographical maps were also
inspected for relevant background information.
DUKE CRM Paleontologist Adrian Garibay, Bachelor of Science (B.S.), conducted locality searches on the
University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) and the Riverside County Land Information
System (RCLIS), and other published resources.
Field Survey
On June 7, 2022, a pedestrian survey of the property was conducted by Morgan Bender, M.A., RPA, and
Adrian Garibay, B.S. An additional pedestrian survey was conducted on November 22, 2023 by Lauren
Biltonen, B.A. to survey the newly acquired 10 acres (i.e.: APNs 3771-100-45, -57, and -58). The goal of the
pedestrian survey was to identify prehistoric/ historic period archaeological resources and paleontological
resources, if any exist within the Project boundaries. Transects were spaced no greater than 15 meters apart.
A Garmin Etrex GPS, an IPhone X with Google Earth, and field map were used to locate the Project
boundary and to record the location of any identified cultural and paleontological resources. Photographs
were taken on an IPhone X camera.
Key Personnel
This report was prepared by Morgan Bender, M.A, RPA under the direct supervision of Curt Duke, MA,
RPA (Appendix A. Resumes). Ms. Bender holds a Bachelor of Arts (B.A) degree in Anthropology/ Sociology
and minored in Classical Studies from Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia. She received her MA in
Anthropology from California State University, Los Angeles. She meets the Secretary of Interior Standards
for principal investigator, is RPA-certified and has over four years of experience in California archaeology.
Ms. Bender functioned as field director for the Project.
Adrian Garibay holds a B.S. in Geologic Sciences and serves as a paleontologist at DUKE CRM. He has a
variety of experience ranging from fossil preparator, paleontological monitor, and field surveyor. He has
served as a Senior Curational Technician at the John D. Cooper Center and a guest researcher at the San
Diego Natural History Museum. He has also conducted paleontological monitoring on large commercial
development projects and surveyed for archaeological resources in the High Desert.
Lauren Biltonen received her B.A. from Biola University in Anthropology. Ms. Biltonen has 6 years of
experience in Archaeology lab and field practices. She is proficient in archaeological site excavations in
California. Under the Caltrans Programmatic Agreement she qualifies as an archaeological crew member. She
has conducted field and laboratory work in both archaeology and paleontology. She has experience in faunal
analysis and analysis and excavation of human remains.
Mr. Duke is the Principal Archaeologist of DUKE CRM. Mr. Duke meets the professional qualifications of
the Secretary of the Interior for prehistoric and historical archaeology; he is also a Registered Professional
Archaeologist (RPA) who has worked in all phases of archaeology (archival research, field survey, testing and
data recovery excavation, laboratory analysis, construction monitoring) since 1994. He is also listed on the
County of Riverside’s list of qualified archaeologists. Mr. Duke holds a Master of Arts degree in
Anthropology with an emphasis in archaeology from California State University, Fullerton and a Bachelor of
Arts degree in Anthropology from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Mr. Duke has worked throughout
southern and Northern California and parts of Arizona and Nevada.
Please see Appendix A for resumes.
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RESULTS
Records Search
Cultural Resources
Analysis of the EIC records search map data indicates that there are four previously recorded cultural
resources within ½ mile of the Project area. (Table 1;Appendix B). On June May 3, 2022, the NAHC
responded with a negative result for tribal resources within the Project (See Appendix B).
Table 1. Cultural Resources within ½-Mile of the Project Boundary
Resource No. Resource
Type Description Eligibility
Status
Distance (ft.)
and Direction
P-33-003832 Historic The Old Santa Fe Railroad Grade Unknown 675 south
P-33-007193 Historic Single Family residence 5S2 2,570 south
P-33-007228 Historic Single Family residence 3S 2,320 southeast
P-33-015437 Historic Single Family residence 6Z 1,845 southwest
3S – Appears eligible for NR individually through survey evaluation
5S2 – Individually eligible for local listing or designation
6Z – Found ineligible for NR, CS, or local designation through survey evaluation
Reports
The EIC identified one cultural resource report within ½ mile of the Project area on file; the report covers
the Project area. The report within the Project, Archaeological Assessment Form: North Elsinore Mobile Home Park
written by Whitney-Desautels in 1987, included an intensive pedestrian survey and record search of the
Project area. Neither the pedestrian survey nor the record search yielded cultural resources within the Project
(Whitney-Desautels 1987).
Paleontological Resources
DUKE CRM conducted paleontological research through the on-line files of the UCMP and the RCLIS.
According to both the UCMP and the RCLIS (accessed April 18, 2022), the Project area is in an
undetermined area for paleontological sensitivity. However, the RCLIS records show that the area
approximately ¼-miles west of the Project as high sensitivity for paleontological resources. The RCLIS shows
the Project area is underlain by metamorphic material, which fossils are not usually found in. The
metamorphic rock units should therefore be considered low sensitivity. Younger alluvial deposits are
unconsolidated sediments and dated to be from the Holocene and late Pleistocene. No fossil localities were
found within the project location. However, since the RCLIS shows that the area ¼-miles west of the Project
is a high sensitivity, there is reason to believe that the same unit (Qya) within the project site should be given a
high sensitivity as well as they are from the same geologic unit.
Additional Research
DUKE CRM conducted a review of online historical aerial photographs and historical USGS quadrangle
maps utilizing University of California, Santa Barbara’s FrameFinder, historicaerials.com, and USGS
Historical Topographic Map Explorer. The 1967 USGS Riverside, Calif. 1:125,000 scale map does not illustrate
any trails, roads, buildings or structures within Sections 31 and 32 (including the Project area) with a few
properties nearby. None of the other maps illustrate trails, roads, buildings, or structures within the Project
area. Nearby residential and commercial development began in 2009 (2009 USGS Riverside, Calif. 1:125,000
scale map), however the Project area has remained undeveloped (historicaerials.com, accessed April 18, 2022).
Reports given to DUKE CRM by the City of Lake Elsinore show that there have been several cultural and
paleontological studies completed near the Project area. The Cultural Resources Assessment: Third Street Storm
Drain Project, Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California (Brunzell 2017) was located approximately 0.40 miles
north/northeast of the Project. The records search conducted for this study found four (4) cultural resources
within ½-mile of the Project, all south/southwest of the storm drain project. Of the four (4) recorded
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resources, one (1) was a historic building, two (2) were isolated prehistoric manos (handstones), and one (1)
was an isolated prehistoric metate (portable milling slab).
A Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment of 67.69 Acres as Shown on Tentative Tract Map No. 36567 Located Immediately
North of the Elsinore Sanitary Landfill, City of Lake Elsinore, Riverside County (White and White 2013), is located
approximately one (1) mile to the east of the Project. This study did not yield any cultural or paleontological
resources within or directly adjacent to the Project.
Field Survey
An intensive pedestrian survey was conducted on June 7, 2022. Ground visibility varied, with moderate to
excellent visibility in approximately 75% of the Project area, with lower visibility primarily along the hillsides.
(Figures 11 and 12). Visible sediment is a light to medium brown coarse sand. Gravel density varied
throughout the Project site but on average was low. The land within the Project is predominately undisturbed
with some disturbances caused by recreational vehicles and discing for weed abatement (Figures 5 through
12). No cultural resources were observed.
An intensive pedestrian survey on the newly acquired 10 acres was conducted on November 22, 2023.
Ground visibility was approximately 80 percent with exposed soil consisting of a very fine light brown sand
with high gravel density. Exposed bedrock consisted of diagonal schist rock exposed along the side of natural
mounds and hills. Modern refuse was scattered throughout site. No cultural resources were observed. See
Figures 12 through 18 for field survey photos).
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Figure 5: Site overview. View to southwest.
Figure 6: Site overview. View to northwest.
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Figure 7: Site overview. View to northeast.
Figure 8: Site overview. View to southeast.
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Figure 9: Site overview. View to north.
Figure 10: Modern debris. View to northwest.
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Figure 11: Ground cover. View to east.
Figure 12: Ground cover. View to south.
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Figure 13: Site overview. View to north.
Figure 14: Site overview. View to south.
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Figure 15: Site overview. View to east.
Figure 16: Site overview. View to west.
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Figure 17: Closeup of exposed sediment/gravel. Plan view.
Figure 17: Overview of modern refuse scatter. View to north.
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IMPACTS ANALYSIS
DUKE CRM evaluated the proposed Project for impacts to cultural and paleontological resources. The
records search and field survey did not identify any previously recorded cultural and/or paleontological
resources within the Elsinore Heights Mixed Use Project area. According to the record search, there are no
known prehistoric sites within ½-mile of the Project and the nearest historic resource is 675 feet to the south.
It is not likely that any archaeological resources will be impacted by the Project.
No paleontological resources were identified within the Project boundaries. However, the RCLIS determined
the area approximately ¼-miles west of the Project as high sensitivity for paleontological resources; therefore,
the same unit (Qya) within the project site should be given a high sensitivity as well as they are from the same
geologic unit.
RECOMMENDATIONS
After evaluating the cultural resources within the proposed Project area, DUKE CRM does not recommend
any archaeological monitoring; however, if any archaeological resources are identified during ground
disturbance related to construction of the project, a qualified archaeologist should be retained to identify the
nature and significance of the discovery and make recommendations.
Paleontological monitoring is not recommended when working in the southern area of the jobsite. However,
should excavation be conducted in the northern areas of the jobsite a paleontological monitor is
recommended. If paleontological resources are encountered, work in the immediate area shall be halted until
such time as a qualified paleontologist can assess the find.
Paleontological Monitoring Guidelines- A paleontological monitor shall be present during ground
disturbing activities in the northern portion of the Project. The monitor shall work under the direct
supervision of a qualified Paleontologist (B.S./B.A. in paleontology, or related discipline with an emphasis in
paleontology and demonstrated competence in paleontological research, fieldwork, reporting, and curation).
1. The qualified paleontologist shall be on-site at the pre-construction meeting to discuss monitoring
protocols as stated in a Worker’s Environmental Awareness Program.
2. The paleontological monitor shall be present full-time during ground disturbance activities in the
northern portion of the Project, including but not limited to clearing, grading, trenching, utilities, and
off-site easements. If, after excavation begins, the qualified paleontologist determines that the
sediments are not likely to produce paleontological resources, monitoring efforts shall be reduced or
curtailed.
3. The monitor shall be empowered to temporarily halt or redirect grading efforts if paleontological
resources are discovered.
4. In the event of a paleontological discovery the monitor shall flag the area and notify the construction
crew immediately. No further disturbance shall occur within a 50-foot radius of the find until the
qualified paleontological in consultation with City planners has cleared the area.
5. In consultation with the lead paleontological the monitor shall quickly assess the nature and
significance of the find. If the resource does not the significance criteria it shall be mapped,
documented, removed, and the area cleared for construction to continue.
6. If the discovery has the potential to meet the criteria for significance the qualified paleontologist shall
notify the CLIENT and CITY immediately.
7. In consultation with the CLIENT and CITY the qualified paleontologist shall develop an evaluation
plan of to fully assess the resource significance. If significant and preservation is not viable,
mitigation will likely include data recovery excavation, analysis, reporting and curation of the artifacts
in a qualified repository.
If human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further
disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition
pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find
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immediately. If the remains are determined to be prehistoric, the Coroner will notify the NAHC, which will
determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her
authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the
inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD may recommend scientific removal and
nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials.
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REFERENCES CITED
Basgall, Mark E.
1987 Resource Intensification among Hunter-Gathers: Acorn Economies in Prehistoric Southern
California. Research in Economics Anthropology 9:21-52.
Bean, Lowell J., and Harry W. Lawton
1973 Some Explanations for the Rise of Cultural Complexity in Native California with Comments on
Proto-agriculture and Agriculture. In Patterns of Indian burning in California: Ecology and Ethnohistory,
Anthropological Papers 1, edited by M.W. Allen and J. Reed, pp. v-xlvii. Ballena Press, Ramona.
Bean, Lowell J., and Katherine S. Saubel
2014 Temalpakh: Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Malki Museum Press, Banning.
Bean, Lowell J., and Florence C. Shipek
1978 Luiseño. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp.550-563. Handbook of North American
Indians, Volume 8, William C Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Brunzell, David.
2017 Cultural Resources Assessment: Third Street Storm Drain Project, Lake Elsinore, Riverside County,
California. Prepared by BCR Consulting, LLC. Submitted to Michael Baker International.
Byrd, Brian F. and L. Mark Raab
2007 Prehistory of the Southern Bight: Models for a New Millennium. In California Prehistory:
Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar eds., pps. 215-227. AltaMira
Press, New York.
Green, Edythe J., Elizabeth Helper, and Mary Louise Rowden
2005 Lake Elsinore. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina, Chicago, Illinois, Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, and San Francisco, California.
HistoricAerials.Com
2022 Historic Aerial Imagery and USGS Maps. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com,
accessed April 2022.
Johnson, Allen W. and Timothy Earle
1987 The Evolution of Human Societies: From Foraging Group to Agrarian State. Stanford University Press,
Stanford.
Jones, Terry L., G. M. Brown, L. M. Raab, J. L. McVickar, W. G. Spaulding, D. M. Kennett, A. York, and P.
L. Walker
2004 Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered: Demographic Crises in Western North America
During the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. In Prehistoric California: Archaeology and the Myth of Paradise,
edited by L. Mark Raab and Terry L. Jones, pp. 12-32. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
Koerper, H. C. and Christopher Drover
1983 Chronology Building for Coastal Orange County: The Case from CA-Ora-119-A. Pacific Coast
Archaeological Quarterly, 19(2):1-34.
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Kroeber, Alfred L.
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Reprinted 1976. Dover Publications, Inc., New York.
Originally published 1925, Bulletin 78, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington D.C.
Lovin, June
1963 A Summary Description of Luiseño Material Culture. In Archaeological Survey Annual Report 1962-
1963, pp. 81-130. University of California, Los Angeles
Moratto, Michael J.
1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando.
Morton, D.M., and F.K. Miller
2006 Geologic map of the San Bernardino and Santa Ana 30' x 60' quadrangles, California: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1217, Version 1.0, Digital preparation by Pamela M.
Cossette and Kelly R. Bovard: pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1217/
Norris, Robert M., and Robert W. Webb
1976 Geology of California. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Shipley, William F.
1978 Native Languages of California. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp.80-90. Handbook of
North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C.
Strong, William Duncan
1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology
and Ethnology 26(1): 1-358.
Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Donn R. Grenda
2002 Paradise or Purgatory: Environments, Past and Present. In Islanders and Mainlanders: Prehistoric
Context for the Southern California Bight, Jeffrey H. Altchul and Donn R. Grenda eds. Chapter 4, pgs. 67-
84. SRI Press, Tucson.
Wallace, William J.
1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of
Anthropology 11(3):214-230.
Warren, Claude N.
1980 Chapter II: Cultural Chronology of the Mojave Desert. In A Cultural Resources Overview for the
Amargosa-Mojave Basin Planning Units, edited by C. N. Warren, M. Knack, and E. von Till Warren. U.S.
Bureau of Land Management, Cultural Resources Publications, Anthropology/History, Riverside.
Warren, Claude N. and Robert H. Crabtree
1986 Prehistory of the Southwestern Area. In Great Basin, edited by Warren L. D’Azevedo, pp. 183-193.
Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 11, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C.
White, Raymond C.
1963 Luiseño Social Organization. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
48(2):91–194.
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White, Robert S. and Laura S. White
2013 Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment of 67.69 Acres as Shown on Tentative Tract Map No. 36567 Located
Immediately North of the Elsinore Sanitary Landfill, City of Lake Elsinore, Riverside County. Prepared by John
Minch and Associates. Submitted to South Shore II, LLC.
Whitney-Desautels, Nancy
1987 Archaeological Assessment Form: North Elsinore Mobile Home Park. Electronic copies available at the
Eastern Information Center located at University of California, Riverside.
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APPENDIX A (CONFIDENTIAL)
Resumes
18 Technology Drive, #103
Irvine, CA 92618
949-356-6660
www.dukecrm.com
ARCHAEOLOGY HISTORY PALEONTOLOGY
Morgan Bender
Archaeologist
Professional Experience: 5 Years
Expertise
Cultural Resources Management
California Prehistory
Historical Archaeology
Prehistoric Archaeology
Education
California State University, Los Angeles,
M.A. Anthropology, 2019
Agnes Scott College, B.A., Anthropology/
Sociology, 2014
Professional Registrations
RPA, No. 18011
Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology
Society for American Archaeology
Summary of Qualifications
Ms. Bender attended Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia
where she obtained her BA in 2014 in Anthropology/ Sociology
and minored in Classics. During her time there, she studied abroad
and traveled throughout Turkey where she visited many
archaeological sites. Ms. Bender attended California State
University, Los Angeles where she received her MA in
Anthropology, emphasis in California Archaeology in 2019. Her
thesis focused on crab and sea urchin remains from a Middle
Holocene site on San Nicolas Island, California (CA-SNI-40). She
has five years of professional experience as a staff archaeologist
where she became a Registered Professional Archaeologist and
meets the Secretary of Interior Standards for Principal Investigator.
During this time, Ms. Bender has worked on several cultural
resource management projects. This includes projects throughout
California in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act (NHPA) and California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA). She has monitored major infrastructure sites such as
Metropolitan Transit Authority and utility projects. Ms. Bender has
monitored sites for private commercial and residential
developments projects. While monitoring, she identifies historic
and prehistoric resources and is cross tr ained in paleontology.
Additionally, her responsibilities have included the preparation of
technical reports (assessment, evaluation, and mitigation), cultural
resources management plans, and project coordination.
Selected Project Experience
Metro Division 20 Portal Widening Project, Los Angeles
2021-Ongoing. The project is located within the existing
Division 20 railyard in Downtown Los Angeles. This project
will expand the boundaries of the existing tracks and provide
additional service tracks for the new Metro Lines. This work
is being conducted in an area original to Los Angeles and
therefore is in a high area of sensitivity. Ms. Bender now
serves as a project coordinator. She works closely with
archaeological monitors to determine construction activities
and significance of finds. Ms. Bender also prepares the
necessary finding forms for ICF and Metro, including DPR
forms for isolates and features.
Pacific Coast Highway Pavement Rehabilitation, Malibu
2018-Ongoing. Caltrans proposes the PCH Pavement
Rehabilitation Project along 15.96 miles of State Route 1 (SR-
1), from Post Mile (PM) 46.90 to PM 62.86, within the
Caltrans right-of-way. The purpose of the Project is to
rehabilitate the distressed Asphalt Concrete pavement and
improve roadside safety with a Mobile Vehicle Pullout. Ms.
Bender serves as a Co-Principal Investigator and conducted
the Extended Phase I Survey (XPI) for this project.
DUKE CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Page 2 of 3
ARCHAEOLOGY HISTORY P ALEONTOLOGY
Pacific Coast Highway Signal Systems Improvements, Malibu, 2017-Ongoing. Ms. Bender serves as the
Co-Principal Investigator. DUKE CRM was contracted by Caltrans to aid with archaeological work for
this project. The City of Malibu (City), in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation
(Caltrans), is proposing to construct a series of improvements to the traffic signals along PCH and Stuart
Ranch Road/Webb Way. Ms. Bender conducted archaeological monitoring for ADL sampling and assisted
with writing ADL sampling report.
California Street Northbound Off-Ramp/Highway 101, Ventura, 2014-Ongoing. DUKE CRM provided
cultural resources support for this project. Ms. Bender serves as an archaeologist for this project. She
aided in the Extended Phase I Survey (XPI) for this project. The project is located in the downtown
Ventura area. Prior to the construction of Highway 101 this area consisted of a neighborhood dating to
the 1800s-1890s. The San Miguel Chapel site is located immediately adjacent to the project boundaries.
San Marcos Creek Project, San Marcos 2021. Conduct archaeological monitoring for construction activities.
Identify historic and prehistoric resources. Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs. Work
closely with Native American Tribal monitors.
Metro Purple Line Section 3, West Los Angeles 2019-2021. LA Metro is conducting an expansion of the
Purple Line. A portion of the line is currently on the West Los Angeles Veterans Hospital Campus,
making it a high sensitivity area for historical resources. Ms. Bender conducted archaeological monitoring
for construction activities and identified historic and prehistoric resources. She also prepared daily
monitoring, photo, and lithology logs as well as work closely with Native American Tribal monitors.
I-405 Project, Orange County 2020-2021.
This project takes place on I-405 in the Orange County portion and expands the highway to include
FastTrack lanes. Ms. Bender conducted archaeological monitoring for construction activities. She
identified historic and prehistoric resources. She also prepared daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs.
Ms. Bender also worked closely with Native American Tribal monitors.
Metro Division 20, Los Angeles 2019-2021. Conduct archaeological monitoring for construction
activities. Coordinate with monitors and construction crew. Identify historic and prehistoric resources.
Work closely with Native American Tribal monitors. Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs.
Curate collection from project in lab.
Metro Regional Connector, Los Angeles 2017-2021. The project is located in Downtown Los Angeles.
This project creates a new Metro line stretching from Little Tokyo to Staples Center. This work is being
conducted in an area original to Los Angeles and therefore is in a high area of sensitivity. Ms. Bender
served as an archaeological/paleontological monitor throughout the line. She also prepared daily
monitoring, photo, and lithology logs. Ms. Bender also worked closely with Native American Tribal
monitors.
Southern California Edison, Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, 2019-2021. Conduct archaeological
monitoring for construction activities/ pole replacements. Identify historic and prehistoric resources.
Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs. Conduct record searches. Prepare letter and formal
reports for survey and monitoring work.
Moorefield French Valley, Murrieta 2020. Conduct archaeological monitoring for construction activities.
Identify historic and prehistoric resources. Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs. Work
closely with Native American Tribal monitors.
Caltrans Collection, Redlands 2019. Worked with one other archaeologist to curate Caltrans collection.
Washed, sorted, and identified collections.
DUKE CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Page 3 of 3
ARCHAEOLOGY HISTORY P ALEONTOLOGY
Stanton Energy Reliability Center, Stanton 2019. Conduct archaeological monitoring for construction
activities. Identify historic and prehistoric resources. Work closely with Native American Tribal monitors.
Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs.
Southern California Edison Pole Survey, Lake Isabella 2019. One of two archaeologists who surveyed area
for future Edison pole replacement activities. Dug test pits and recorded necessary finds.
10 West Walnut Morley Construction, Pasadena June 2019. Surveyed with a team of archaeologist for
possible future construction activities in the area. Dug test pits and recorded necessary finds. After the
test pits were completed, she conducted archaeological and paleontological monitoring for construction
activities.
Survey, Redlands November 2018. Surveyed with a team of archaeologist for possible future construction
activities in the area. Dug test pits and recorded necessary finds.
Woolsey Fire, Los Angeles December 2018. Conducted monitoring of SCE pole replacement work.
Surveyed areas of fire damage.
Survey, Nothing July 2018. Surveyed with a team of archaeologist for possible future construction activities
in the area.
Brookfield Residential Nelles Project, Whittier 2018-2020. Conduct archaeological monitoring for
construction activities. Identify historic and prehistoric resources. Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and
lithology logs. Prepare necessary DPR forms.
Brookfield Kaplan Project North, Ontario 2017-2018. Conduct archaeological monitoring for construction
activities. Identify historic and prehistoric resources. Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs.
Brookfield Kaplan Project, Eastvale 2017. Conduct archaeological monitoring for construction activities.
Identify historic and prehistoric resources. Prepare daily monitoring, photo, and lithology logs.
Papers/Publications
Bender, Morgan 2019 An Archaeological Analysis of Crab and Sea Urchin Remains at CA-SNI-40, San Nicolas Island,
California presented to California State University, Los Angeles, May.
Bender, Morgan 2017 Collection of crustaceans and echinoderms during the Middle Holocene on the West End of San Nicolas
Island, California. Paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology, Vancouver, Canada, March.
Bender, Morgan 2017 Crabs and Sea Urchin from the Middle Holocene on the West End of San Nicolas Island, California.
Paper presented at the Society for California Archaeology, Yosemite, California, March.
Bender, Morgan 2016 Zooarchaeological Analysis of Utilitarian and Ceremonial Deposits at the Tule Creek site (CA-SNI-
25), San Nicolas Island, California. Paper presented at the Society for California Archaeology, Ontario, California,
March.
Bender, Morgan 2014 Egalitarian Marriage of Burmese Migrants . Paper presented at the Southwestern
Undergraduate Sociological Symposium (SEUSS), Atlanta, Georgia, February.
Bender, Morgan 2014 Egalitarian Marriage of Burmese Migrants. Paper presented at the Agnes Scott College Spring
Annual Research Conference, Decatur, Georgia, April.
Bender, Morgan 2011 Assimilation of Afghan Refugees. Paper presented at the Southwestern Undergraduate
Sociological Symposium (SEUSS), Atlanta, Georgia, February.
18 Technology Dr., Ste. 103
Irvine, CA 92618
949-356-6660
www.dukecrm.com
ARCHAEOLOGY HISTORY PALEONTOLOGY
Lauren Biltonen
Archaeologist/Archaeological/Paleontological Monitor
Professional Experience: 3 Years
Years with DUKECRM: 1 Year
Expertise
Anthropology
Education
Biola University, B.A., Anth., 2019
University of Central Lancashire Field
School, 2018
Professional Memberships
Pacific Coast Archaeological Society
Summary of Qualifications
Ms. Biltonen has 6 years of experience in Archaeology lab and
field practices. She is proficient in archaeological site excavations
in California. Under the Caltrans Programmatic Agreement she
qualifies as an archaeological crew member. She has conducted
field and laboratory work in both archaeology and paleontology.
She has experience in faunal analysis and analysis and excavation
of human remains.
Relevant Employment History
Archaeologist/Archaeological/Paleontological Monitor, DUKE
CRM, 2021-Present
Field Technician, Heritage Resource Consultants, 2021
Crew Chief, Burial Exhumation, CA-LAN-4894, Heritage
Resource Consultants, 2019
Teaching and Research Assistant, Department of Anthropology,
Biola University, 2016-2019
Selected Professional Experience
Metro Division 20 Portal Widening, Los Angeles, CA, 2021-
Ongoing.Role: Archaeological Monitor. DUKE CRM is under
contract to provide cultural resources support for this project.
The project is located within the existing Division 20 railyard in
Downtown Los Angeles. This project will expand the
boundaries of the existing tracks and provide additional service
tracks for the new Metro Lines. This work is being conducted in
an area original to Los Angeles and therefore is in a high area of
sensitivity. Ms. Biltonen conducts archaeological monitoring
during construction activities, preparing daily logs, and
identifying historical artifacts.
OC I-405 Design Build, CA, 2022-Ongoing. Role:
Archaeological Monitor. DUKE CRM is under contract to
provide archaeological monitoring for the I-405 Design Build
Project in Orange County. During archaeological monitoring.
The project is located within archaeological sites. Due to the
high sensitivity of the area, DUKE CRM archaeologists work
closely with the Native American monitors to identify historic
and prehistoric resources. Ms. Biltonen conducted
archaeological monitoring for construction activities, identified
historic and prehistoric resources, documented resources, and
prepared daily monitoring logs.
DUKE CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Page 2 of 2
ARCHAEOLOGY HISTORY P ALEONTOLOGY
Alessandro Industrial Center, Moreno Valley, CA. 2021-Ongoing. Role: Archaeological Monitor. DUKE
CRM is under contract to conduct Native American consultation, prepare a Cultural Resources Monitoring
Plan (CRMP), and conduct archaeological and paleontological monitoring during ground disturbing activities.
Upon completion of ground disturbing activities and negative findings, a letter report will be prepared and
submitted. Ms. Biltonen conducts archaeological/paleontological monitoring during ground disturbing
activities.
I-605/Valley Blvd. Interchange Improvements, City of Industry, CA, 2021-Ongoing. Role:
Archaeological Monitor. DUKE CRM conducted a pedestrian survey of the project to identify any cultural
resources within, or adjacent, to the project, characterized the setting, and field-checked any previously
recorded archaeological resources identified during the records search. DUKE CRM also prepared a Caltrans
formatted APE Map generated from digital ArcGIS layers. Upon completion of these tasks, DUKE CRM
prepared a Caltrans format ASR. It included impacts statement and recommendations for further work.
Currently, DUKE CRM is conducting archaeological monitoring for ground disturbing activities. Ms.
Biltonen conducts archaeological/paleontological monitoring during ground disturbing activities.
Selected Presentations
2021 Poster, Cahuenga Village: The History and Archaeology of Life at the Village. Celebration of Scholarship and
Research 2021, Biola University. (with Paul Langenwalter and Aimee Montenegro).
2021 Guest Lecture, Relocating an Ancestors Grave from the Village of Cahuenga. Pacific Coast Archaeological
Society, April meeting. (with Paul Langenwalter and Aimee Montenegro).
2018 Poster, From Crime Scene to Archaeology: When Archaeology Intersects with the Law and the Native American
Community. Celebration of Scholarship and Research 2018, Biola University. (with Paul Langenwalter, Aimee
Montenegro, Amber Blevins and Richard Price).
18 Technology Dr., Ste. 103
Irvine, CA 92618
949-356-6660
www.dukecrm.com
Curt Duke
President/Principal Archaeologist
Expertise
Cultural Resources Management
California Prehistory
Section 106 Compliance
CEQA Compliance
Native American Consultation
Education
CSU, Fullerton, M.A., Anth, 2006
SDSU, Grad Studies, Anth, 1996/97
UC Santa Cruz, B.A., Anth, 1994
Professional Registrations
RPA, No. 15969
County of Riverside (No. 151)
County of Orange
Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology
Society for American Archaeology
Pacific Coast Archaeological Society
Assoc. of Environmental Professionals
Building Industry Association
Professional Experience
President/Principal Archaeologist, DUKECRM, 2011 to present.
Archaeologist/Principal, LSA Associates, 1997-2011.
Archaeological Technician, SRI, 1997.
Archaeological Technician, Petra Resources, 1997.
Archaeological Technician, KEA Environmental, 1997.
Archaeological Technician, Keith Companies, 1997.
Archaeological Technician, KEA Environmental, 1997.
Archaeological/Paleontological Tech., LSA Associates, 1996.
Archaeological/Paleontological Tech., Petra Resources, 1996.
Archaeological Technician, Affinis Environmental Services, 1996.
Archaeological Technician, KEA Environmental, 1996.
Archaeological Tech., Macko Archaeological Inc., 1995 to 1996.
Archaeological Technician, Heritage Resource Consultants, 1995.
Archaeological Technician, Chambers Group, 1995.
Archaeological Tech./Teachers Assistant, Cabrillo College, 1994
Anthropological Laboratory Technician, UC Santa Cruz, 1994.
Summary of Qualifications
Mr. Duke’s career in cultural resources management spans 3 decades.
He meets the Secretary of Interior’s Professional Qualifications
Standards for Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology. He also meets
Caltrans PQS equivalent as a Principal Investigator for prehistoric
archaeology. He received his B.A. in Anthropology in 1994 from the
University of California, Santa Cruz, and his M.A. in Anthropology
in 2006 from California State University, Fullerton. His M.A. thesis
focused on prehistoric mortuary analysis in southern California. Curt
is well-versed in the application of Section 106 of the NHPA,
NEPA, and CEQA on a variety of projects across many market
sectors. He has conducted/managed more than 3,500 cultural/
paleontological resource projects for various clients primarily in
California, as well as Nevada and Arizona. Mr. Duke has completed
projects in all phases of archaeology: Ph. I Survey, XPI Survey,
Buried Sites Testing, Archaeological Sensitivity Assessments, Ph. II
Testing, Ph. III Data Recovery, Ph. IV Monitoring, and Native
American consultation assistance. His project responsibilities
primarily include overseeing archaeological, historical, and
paleontological studies, ensuring that the quality of analysis and
reporting meets or exceeds appropriate local, state, and federal
standards. His positive, solution-oriented attitude makes him more
than just an archaeologist, he brings value to any team in the way he
seeks for positive outcomes.
Prior to starting DUKE CRM, Mr. Duke was a Principal
Archaeologist at LSA Associates, Inc. He managed the
Cultural/Paleontological group in LSA’s Riverside office.
Page 2 of 23
Selected Project Experience
Reid/Baldwin Adobe, LA Arboretum, Arcadia, 2019-Present.DUKE CRM is currently conducting
archaeological monitoring at the Reid /Baldwin Adobe. In summer 2019 we conducted an archaeological
excavation to explore for remnant buried architectural features. The Adobe was built in 1841 by Hugo Reid
and in 1875 it was sold to Elias J. "Lucky" Baldwin. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
Veteran Affairs Medical Clinic, Santa Rosa, 2019. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, archival
research, and a field survey for this project. The results were provided in a cultural resources assessment
report. There were no cultural resources within the project. It was determined that the project did not have a
high sensitivity for archaeology. Mr. Duke conducted the research, field survey and prepared the report.
Deane Dana Friendship Park, Rancho Palos Verdes, 2019. DUKE CRM is conducting archaeological
monitoring for a habitat restoration and irrigation project in the park. The work is being conducted
immediately outside the boundary of prehistoric site CA-LAN-850. The site is considered significant and was
the subject of an archaeological excavation in the 1990s. To date there have been no delays caused by DUKE
CRM. The client for this project is the Los Angeles County Parks and Recreation Department. Role: Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
Saint Margaret’s Episcopal Church, San Juan Capistrano, 2019. DUKE CRM conducted archaeological
monitoring for construction of several projects on this property. Several years ago, during a separate project a
Native American burial was discovered on the campus. To date there have been no archaeological discoveries
or delays caused by DUKE CRM. DUKE CRM coordinated with Native American monitors. Role: Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
Veteran Affairs Medical Clinic, Cotati, 2019. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, archival research,
and a field survey for this project. The results were provided in a cultural resources assessment report. There
were no cultural resources within the project. It was determined that the project did not have a high
sensitivity for archaeology. Mr. Duke conducted the research, field survey and prepared the report.
Bedford Canyon Marketplace, Corona, 2019. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, archival research,
and a field survey for this project. The results were provided in a cultural resources/paleontological
assessment report. There were no cultural resources within the project.
Makayla 2 Mine Expansion Project, Olancha, CA, 2019. DUKE CRM conducted a Class III cultural
resources study on approximately 25 acres of undeveloped land located in an unincorporated area near Coso
Junction, Inyo County, California. Work was conducted in compliance with CEQA and NHPA. The County
of Inyo was the lead Agency for CEQA and the BLM was the NHPA lead agency (BLM permit no. CA-19-
13). DUKE CRM conducted an archaeological/historical resources records search, performed supplemental
historical and archaeological background research, and intensively surveyed the APE. The results of the
records search indicated that one historic archaeological site and four prehistoric archaeological sites were
previous recorded within the boundaries of the APE and were updated in the current study. These five sites
were documented in the pedestrian survey of the APE. None of the cultural resources were recommended
potentially eligible for the CRHR/NRHP and were not considered potential historical resources for the
purposes of CEQA nor historic properties for the purposes of the NHPA. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist.
Murrieta Canyon Academy, Murrieta, 2019. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, archival research,
and a field survey for this project. We also assisted in AB52 consultation. The results were provided in a
cultural resources/paleontological assessment report. There were no cultural resources within the project.
Page 3 of 23
Skyridge Residential, Mission Viejo, 2011-present.Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
DUKE CRM conducted a Phase II and Phase III excavation of prehistoric archaeological site CA-ORA-507.
This work included research, preparation of a research design/work plan, excavation, lab analysis, Native
American consultation, and preparing detailed technical reports. This involved managing a large team of
archaeologist and geologists. The report was reviewed by the City, ACOE, and SHPO. Detailed
archaeological and paleontological monitoring reports are being drafted and accession of a fossil whale to the
San Diego Museum of Natural History is in process.
I-605/Valley Blvd. Improvements Project, City of Industry, 2019. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, Native American consultation, and a field survey.
DUKE CRM prepared a Caltrans-format ASR and APE Map.
Vila Borba, Chino Hills, 2013-present. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM
conducted a Phase II excavation of archaeological sites CA-SBR-5285 and SBR-7972/H, as well as Phase III
data recovery at site 36-031828, a prehistoric special-use campsite. This work included research, preparation
of a research design/work plan, excavation, lab analysis, Native American consultation, and preparing a
detailed technical report. The reports were reviewed by the City, ACOE, and SHPO. DUKE CRM also
provided archaeological and paleontological monitoring working with Native Americans, the City and the
applicant.
SR57/SR60 Confluence at Grand Avenue Project, City of Industry, 2019-Present. DUKE CRM
conducted a cultural resources revalidation assessment for Segment II, Phase IIA of the SR-57/SR-60
Confluence at Grand Avenue Project. DUKE CRM conducted a records search and field survey for the
revised project APE and coordinated Native American consultation under AB 52 with the City of Industry as
the lead agency.
SR-60/I-605 IC Project PEAR, City of Industry/Baldwin Park, 2014. DUKE CRM conducted
archaeological and paleontological studies in support of this project. The work included records searches at
the SCCIC and NHMLAC, contacting the NAHC and local Native Americans, and a reconnaissance of the
project area. Our efforts were summarized in letter reports. The lead agencies in this effort were the Los
Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) and Caltrans.
Shoemaker Bridge Replacement, Long Beach, 2016-19. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
DUKE CRM conducted a records search, Native American consultation, and field survey. DUKE CRM
prepared a Caltrans-format ASR, HPSR, PIR, FNAE, and APE Map documenting archaeo/paleo resources
within the APE.
San Jacinto General Plan Update, San Jacinto, 2018-Present. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Investigator. DUKE CRM is under contract to provide cultural/paleontological resource services including
research, reconnaissance field survey, Native American consultation under AB-52 and SB-18, conduct a
cultural landscape study and prepare a cultural/paleontological assessment report of its findings.
Tina-Pacific Residential Neighborhood Project, Stanton, 2018-Present. Role: Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM is under contract to provide cultural/paleontological
resource services including a records search, historic evaluation of 40 properties, reconnaissance survey,
Native American coordination under AB-52 and SB-18 and will prepare a combined cultural/paleontological
report of its findings.
Page 4 of 23
TTM 20022, Lots 1-6, San Bernardino County, 2018-Present. DUKE CRM is under contract to provide a
cultural resource assessment for this 15-acre project near Mountain Home Creek Road in San Bernardino
County in compliance with CEQA. This effort includes research, field survey, Native American consultation
and preparation of a letter report.
Vantage Point Church Monitoring, Eastvale, 2018-Present. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted a cultural and paleontological resource assessment report. Following
project approval DUKE CRM conducted monitoring services for this project and preparation of a report of
our findings at the conclusion of ground disturbance. DUKE CRM documented the discovery of a
prehistoric artifact and coordinated its reburial. DUKE CRM coordinated with Native American monitors.
Murrieta Hospitality Commons, 2017-19. DUKE CRM prepared a PRMP and conducted archaeological/
paleontological monitoring during the construction of this project. There were no discoveries made and no
delays caused by DUKE CRM. DUKE CRM coordinated with Native American monitors. Role: Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
Ocean Place Monitoring, Seal Beach, 2018-Present. DUKE CRM is contracted to provide archaeological
monitoring, Native American monitoring and will prepare a compliance letter at the conclusion of monitoring
efforts.
MVGC – Rancho Belago II Monitoring, Moreno Valley, 2018-Present. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM is contracted to provide archaeological/paleontological monitoring and develop
a monitoring plan for this 190-acre golf course, reserve and apartments project in compliance with CEQA.
The plan outlines the construction monitoring and subsequent tasks in the event archaeological resources are
discovered.
Santa Claus Lane Class I Bike Path, Carpinteria, 2015-2017. DUKE CRM conducted a cultural resource
records search and archaeological field survey and prepared a Caltrans ASR and APE Map. The project is
located along US-101 and the Union Pacific Railroad in the Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve contains a
critically important Southern California estuary. Mr. Duke was the Project Manager and Principal
Investigator.
Vantage Point Church, Eastvale, 2016. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was
under contract to provide cultural/paleontological resource services for this 11-acre project to determine
whether the proposed project would cause substantial adverse impacts to any historical, archaeological, or
paleontological resources in or adjacent to the project area to comply with CEQA. This effort included
records searches, field survey and Native American consultation to identify any cultural or paleontological
resources. The records search indicated three previously records cultural resources within a 1-mile radius
which was a lithic scatter of stone and glass tools and indicated a moderate sensitivity for cultural resources
and a low sensitivity for historic resources. Therefore, DUKE CRM recommended archaeological monitoring
during ground disturbance.
Jack Rabbit Trail – SCS2089, Beaumont, 2018. DUKE CRM was contracted to perform a cultural
resource assessment for this H-frame communications tower, equipment cabinets and power infrastructure.
This effort included research, field survey, Native American scoping and preparation of a report of our
findings.
Route 66 Gas Station and Market Project, Helendale, 2017-18. DUKE CRM provided
cultural/paleontological resource services for this 1.72-acre project. We evaluated the proposed project for
impacts to cultural/paleontological resources under CEQA. After conducting a records search and field
Page 5 of 23
survey, we concluded the sensitivity for cultural/paleontological resources was low in surficial sediments;
however, the sensitivity could increase at depth to high. Therefore, DUKE CRM recommended
paleontological monitoring. Following consultation with local Native Americans the County of San
Bernardino required buried sites testing which was conducted by DUKE CRM. The results of the buried sites
testing were negative and the project planning proceeded.
TTM 20128, Apple Valley, 2018. DUKE CRM provided paleontological resource services for the Apple
Valley TTM No. 20128 project (approximately 101 acres), located at the southeast corner of Sitting Bull Road
and Deep Creek Road. The results of the assessment were negative; however, it indicated that the buried
sediments have a high sensitivity for fossils. Therefore, DUKE CRM recommended paleontological
monitoring.
TTM 20022, Lots 1-6, San Bernardino County, 2018-19. DUKE CRM provided a cultural resource
assessment for this 15-acre project near Mountain Home Creek Road in San Bernardino County in
compliance with CEQA. This effort included research, field survey, Native American consultation, and
preparation of a letter report.
Indus Light Industrial Building Project, Chino Hills, 2018. DUKE CRM provided paleontological,
archaeological, and Native American monitoring services including preparation of a PRIMP.
Dolores Lake Park, Newberry Springs, 2017. DUKE CRM provided cultural resource services for a
proposed redevelopment. Work completed included a records search at the SBAIC located at the San
Bernardino County Museum. DUKE CRM prepared a letter of results, summarizing the research.
Redlands Railway District Project, 2019. DUKE CRM provided archaeological site monitoring for the
excavation of test pits as well as conducting limited background research and prepare a letter of results. This
project is located within and near the Redlands Chinatown and is considered highly sensitive for buried
archaeological sites.
Rite-Aid, Phelan, 2016. DUKE CRM conducted archaeological monitoring services. No artifacts were
discovered. No delays were caused by DUKE CRM. A letter report was completed and filed with the SCCIC
and the owner. Project was completed per County of San Bernardino requirements.
Colton Bridges Retrofit Project, CA 2013-14. DUKE CRM provided cultural resources support for this
local assistance project. DUKE CRM prepared an HPSR, HRER, and APE Map for two bridges and an APE
Map for a third Bridge for which Caltrans prepared the HPSR. No cultural resources were determined
significant within the APE. The railroad above the bridges and several of the adjacent parcels contained
historic buildings. DUKE CRM worked with Caltrans staff to reduce the size of the APE so that these
resources were not within the APE and therefore did not need to be evaluated. This was largely due to the
limited nature of the project and its limited potential to impact these built-environment historic resources.
SBCTA (formerly SANBAG) Environmental On-Call, 2015-18. DUKE CRM is under contract to provide
on-call cultural/paleontological resource services for the San Bernardino County Transit Authority (SBCTA).
Mr. Duke was the Project Manager and Principal Archaeologist who managed and directed all work under
this contract. This varied work has involved staff archaeologists, and related technical specialists from
multiple offices. Many of the studies were conducted simultaneously, which necessitated careful project
management and scheduling. The following Task Orders have been completed to date:
210/Pepper Ave, Rialto, 2017-2018 – Archaeological/Native American monitoring and reports.
I-10 University IC Improvements, Redlands, 2015-16– 3rd party review of HRCR, ASR, & APE Map
Page 6 of 23
I-15 PA-ED, San Bernardino-Riverside Counties, 2016 – 3rd party review of ASR, HPSR, PIR/PER, and APE
Map
Metrolink Station Accessibly Project, San Bernardino County, 2015 – 3rd party review of HPSR, FNAE, and
APE Map
SR-60 Central, City of Chino, 2017 – 3rd party review of HRCR, ASR, and APE Map
Central Avenue Pedestrian Improvements Project, County of Ventura, District 7, 2018. Role: Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM prepared a Caltrans-format Archaeological Survey Report
and an Historic Property Survey Report under the Ventura County Transportation On-Call. This project
included ADA accommodations, reconstruction, drainage improvements and pavement widening to improve
the safety along Central Avenue for pedestrians. As a part of the Archaeological Survey Report, DUKE CRM
conducted a records search, field survey and Native American consultation which identified one
archaeological resource and an historic shed from the Jones Ranch dating from the mid-20th century. Given
the extensive ground disturbance within the APE from residential development and utilities along Central
Avenue the likelihood that any archaeological resources would be impacted would be low.
Avenue S-8 & 40th Street E. Roundabout, Palmdale, 2018. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM is under contract to provide cultural/paleontological resource services in
compliance with CEQA and Section 106 of the NHPA. All work was completed in compliance with the
Caltrans SER, including: an HPSR, ASR, APE Map, and PIR/PER.
Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) Signal Systems Improvements, City of Malibu, County of Los
Angeles, District 7, 2018. DUKE CRM provided archaeological/paleontological resource services for this
project including a records search, Native American consultation, and a field survey. An Archaeological
Survey Report was prepared to document identification efforts for archaeological resources in the PAL. The
records search identified 54 archaeological resources within one mile of the project PAL and 294
archaeological reports for projected located within and adjacent to the PAL. All of these sites were buried or
eroding from hillsides along PCH. A PIR/PER was also prepared and noted potentially fossiliferous deposits.
DUKE CRM recommended a PMP following the Caltrans SER be prepared by a principal paleontologist
including sensitivity pre-grade training, monitoring, field and laboratory methods and a required PMR upon
completion of earthmoving activities. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
Sweeny Road, near Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA, 2018-2019. DUKE CRM provided
archaeological and paleontological services for this 25-acre project. DUKE CRM conducted a records search,
background research, Native American consultation and a field survey. Deliverables included a Combined
Archaeo/Paleo Letter Report with associated maps and photographs. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist.
Entrada Project, Riverside, 2018. DUKE CRM was under contract to provide a cultural resource study
including a records search, location map and preparation of a letter report of archaeological findings and
recommendations. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
1st Street over Glendale Boulevard, Los Angeles, 2018. DUKE CRM was contracted to provide
emergency site recordation and evaluation of an unanticipated discovery of a single historic resource
discovered during project construction. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
Sierra Crest II, Fontana, 2018. DUKE CRM is under contract to provide a peer review, on-site mitigation
monitoring and inspection of previously recorded cultural resources and paleontological monitoring for the
project in compliance with CEQA with the City as lead agency. A letter report of its findings will be prepared
and submitted to the client. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
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6th Street Viaduct Mission & Myers Roundabout, Los Angeles, 2018-Present. Role Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team is under contract to provide cultural/paleontological
services for the project. DUKE CRM conducted records searches and a field survey and will prepare a
combined cultural/paleontological resources report for the project.
SBCTA 210/Pepper Ave & Highland Ave, Rialto, 2017-2018. The project is subject to Section 106 of the
NHPA and CEQA. DUKE CRM provided archaeological/paleontological monitoring during ground
distributing activities in compliance with mitigation measures and especially in relation to human remains and
burials. One prehistoric isolate, a chert bifcial core fragment was discovered during monitoring. The core was
found in fill materials during construction activities. A secondary, but no less important portion of this
monitoring activity was the reburial of human remains discovered during an unrelated project in 2007, but
near this project area. The remains are surmised to have originated from the project area.
Laguna Canyon Road (SR-133), Laguna Beach, 2017. DUKE CRM is under contract to HDR, Inc. to
provide paleontological resource services including a Paleontological Identification Report (PIR) in support
of a PEAR. The PIR will estimate the scope, schedule and costs associated with completing paleontological
studies associated with environmental compliance.
Diamond Valley Estates Specific Plan, Hemet, 2017-Present. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM provided cultural and paleontological resources services for the Diamond Valley
Estates Specific Plan Project located south of Hemet, in Riverside County. The total project area is
approximately 422 acres in size. DUKE CRM staff conducted research through the Eastern Information
Center and the Western Science Center. In addition, DUKE CRM consulted with local Native American
groups and conducted a field survey. Several potentially significant archaeological resources have been
discovered. DUKE CRM is currently working with the developer, County staff, and Native American groups
to assess the potential impacts and develop mitigation measures that will lessen the potential for impacts.
Union Street Two-Way Protected Bikeway, Pasadena, 2017-Present. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team is under contract to provide archaeological and paleontological services for
the project. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, field survey, APE, ASR, PIE/PER and assisting the
City with Native American consultation in compliance with CEQA & NEPA.
Pleasant Valley Road Two-Way Left Turn Lane, Camarillo, 2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team was under contract to provide cultural resource services in compliance with
Caltrans, CEQA, NEPA, and Section 106. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, field survey, prepared
an APE Map of the project area and is providing Native American Consultation to Ventura County. DUKE
CRM prepared an ASR of its efforts and provided recommendations.
VA WLA Master Plan, Los Angeles, 2017-Present. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr.
Duke’s team was under contract to provide an Archaeological Sensitivity Model to evaluate the project for
intact buried sites for the Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles in a densely urbanized Brentwood
neighborhood. The report summarized buried site sensitivity (BSS) model created to predict areas where
archaeological resources were most likely to occur in the 367-acre project area to minimize the costs and
disruptions associated with construction monitoring and emergency site treatment.
Golden Avenue Bridge, Placentia, 2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s
team was under contract to provide records search, field survey, Native American Coordination, APE Map
and prepare a Caltrans-format ASR. Three prehistoric resources and 12 historic resources were located within
1 mile of the project APE. No archaeological resources were identified.
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Vanderham Monitoring, Jurupa Valley, 2017-2018. Role Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr.
Duke’s team was under contract to provide archaeological/paleontological monitoring during ground
disturbance subject to CEQA and mitigation measures set forth in the Initial Study and Mitigated Negative
Declaration. DUKE CRM then prepared a combined archaeological/paleontological monitoring report for
the City of its findings. One fossil locality was recovered from the project and accessions into the collection
of the Western Science Center.
Soto Street Widening, Los Angeles, 2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s
team was under contract to provide archaeological/paleontological services for the 7.5-acre project in
compliance with CEQA and NHPA. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, field survey, and provided
Native American Coordination. DUKE CRM drafted a combined cultural/paleontological report of its
findings. No archaeological/paleontological resources were identified within the project boundaries; however,
paleontological research identified numerous fossil localities within 5 miles in geological deposits similar in
age to those underlying the project area. Therefore, paleontological monitoring is recommended for ground
disturbance in the project area.
Riverside Transmission Reliability Project (RTRP), 2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was under contract to provide Native American consultation services on behalf
of the CPUC (AB-52) with Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians and Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians-Kizh
Nation, prepare technical memorandums and participate in four Native American consultation meetings
regarding cultural resources in the project area. DUKE CRM conducted a supplemental records search at the
EIC and reviewed the prior cultural resources survey documents prepared for the project.
Camp Pendleton TL 695 & TL6971, Oceanside, 2016-2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was under contract to review and comment on cultural and paleontological
resource reports, assist in the Native American consultation required under AB-52, conduct a site visit, and
provide technical assistance. Mr. Duke was the Project Manager; he coordinated with the CPUC, Panorama
Environmental, SDG&E, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton staff, Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians, and
the SDG&E consultant team.
California High-Speed Rail, Palmdale to Burbank Section, 2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted 3rd Party review of archaeological, historical, and paleontological
inventory reports prepared by other consultants for the Palmdale to Burbank Section of the California High-
Speed Rail (HSR). The Palmdale to Burbank Section is approximately 44 miles running from the Antelope
Valley in the Mojave Desert up through the San Gabriel Mountains, down into the San Fernando Valley. The
HSR crosses the Angeles National Forest. There were 70 cultural resources recorded within the project
boundaries.
Livermore Community Solar Farm, LLC, Livermore, 2016. DUKE CRM was contracted to perform a
cultural resources assessment and historic evaluation in compliance with CEQA for the 72-acre project.
DUKE CRM conducted a records search, Native American consultation and a archaeological field survey of
the project. DUKE CRM documented and evaluated an historic ranch complex for eligibility for the
California Register of Historic Resources. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
SR-110 Improvements, Los Angeles, 2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s
team was under contract to provide cultural resource services in compliance with CEQA, Section 106, NHPA
and Caltrans requirements. DUKE CRM conducted a research, a windshield site visit and prepared one
archaeological memo and one paleontological memo summarizing the results, impacts and recommendations
for further work on the project.
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SR-710 Gap Closure, Los Angeles, 2017. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM
was contracted to provide an HPSR with HRER for this LACMTA project proposed to improve mobility
and relieve congestion in the area. DUKE CRM conducted a records search and reviewed Caltrans Historic
Bridge Inventory and historic properties within the APE. DUKE CRM also prepared project location and
APE maps attached to the HPSR. DUKE CRM assisted the City with Native American consultation.
Duarte 3rd and Oak Residential, Duarte, 2016. Role Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr.
Duke’s team performed a cultural resource assessment and historical evaluation in compliance with CEQA.
This work included a records search, archival/historical research, a historic survey, and a significance
evaluation. Two properties within the project date to the historic period but were determined to be not
eligible for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources and neither is a historical resource under
CEQA.
Bridge Road Bridge, Santa Paula, CA, 2016. DUKE CRM provided archaeological and paleontological
services including an ASR, HPSR, PIR, Native American consultation, and an APE Map. Work on this
project put on hold before DUKE CRM finished the technical studies.
Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Campus Hospital Replacement, 2016-Present. Role: Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team conducted an archaeological assessment for the VAWLA
Medical Center Hospital Replacement Project to identify archaeological resources that may be impacted
during development of the project. Recent studies discovered two historical archaeological sites and two
prehistoric archaeological sites. Field survey and geotechnical monitoring did not identify any archaeological
resources within the project. DUKE CRM recommended that no recorded archaeological resources would be
impacted by the project.
Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Campus Master Plan, 2017-2018. Role:
Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was contracted to provide an Archaeological
Sensitivity Model for the project which revitalizes the campus to be more Veteran-focused. Construction of
new facilities could impact both previously recorded and undiscovered cultural resources and buried
archaeological sites not visible during archaeological survey or testing. The model provided a baseline for
planning future development on the property and is designed to minimize the costs and disruptions
associated with construction monitoring and emergency site treatment.
Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Campus Homeless Housing/Spring Structures Project, Los
Angeles, 2018. DUKE CRM was under contract to perform archaeological buried sites testing for the
proposed 2.5- acre Homeless Housing/Spring Structures project at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare
System Campus in West Los Angeles. DUKE CRM excavated seven archaeological trenches and screened
samples from each trench to identify any buried archaeological resources that may be impacted by the
proposed project in accordance with Section 106 of NHPA. Given the highly disturbed nature of the soils,
DUKE CRM concluded that no archaeological resources would be impacted and did not recommend
additional measures relating to archaeology.
Coolwater-Lugo Transmission Line, Barstow to Victorville, 2014-2015. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM staff performed cultural and paleontological 3rd party review for the CPUC and
BLM, and provided EIR assistance. This project was especially complex given that it involved many
significant cultural resources and was located on BLM land.
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Spruce Goose Hangar, Google, Playa Vista, 2016. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
DUKE CRM was under contract to provide Archaeological Consulting & 3rd Party Review for archaeological
investigations inside the Spruce Goose Hangar.
Bay Bridge Pump Station and Force Mains Rehabilitation, Newport Beach, 2017. DUKE CRM
provided cultural/paleontological resource services. Tasks included background research, a field survey,
impacts analysis, and a letter report Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
Evanston Inn, Pasadena, 2014-16. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM
conducted archaeological monitoring for this project. The Evanston Inn is a historic hotel that is being
converted to a residential project. DUKE CRM conducted a records search at the SCCIC. During ground
disturbance our archaeologists monitored construction. We discovered approximately 30 historic items;
however, this material was not intact. DUKE CRM prepared an inventory that we attached to our report.
The material was determined to not be significant as it could not answer any import research questions. There
were no delays to the overall construction schedule.
Baker Water Treatment Plant, Lake Forest, 2014-2015. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
DUKE CRM conducted archaeological/paleontological monitoring as part of the fulfillment of the
mitigation measures. DUKE CRM identified marine fossils in the Oso Sand Member of the Capistrano
Formation.
Tracy Hills Specific Plan, Tracy, 2015. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM
prepared a cultural and paleontological resource assessment report for this 2,700-acre project. Work
completed includes a records search, archival research, field survey, resource evaluation, and Native American
consultation. DUKE CRM archaeologists discovered nine cultural resources. All but one of the cultural
resources were not considered historical resources for the purposes of CEQA. The one historical resource is
the California Aqueduct. DUKE CRM recommended that a monitor be present during grading of one of the
sites, due to the potential for buried archaeological resources. We recommended that paleontological
monitoring should be conducted during deep excavation due to a high potential for fossils below
approximately five feet.
Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Outpatient Clinic, 2014-2015. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted archaeological and paleontological construction monitoring. In
addition, DUKE CRM has provided Native American monitoring by working directly with the San Manuel
Band of Mission Indians. The site is located adjacent to the protohistoric Serrano village of Guachama. While
no intact archaeological deposit had been discovered, historic and prehistoric artifacts were identified. DUKE
CRM worked with the grading and construction crews to ensure compliance with NEPA while avoiding any
delays to the construction schedule.
Sycamore-Peñasquitos Transmission Line, San Diego, 2014-2015. DUKE CRM was contracted to
provide cultural and paleontological 3rd party review and EIR assistance.
Lago Los Serranos, Chino Hills, 2014. Role: Project Manager/ Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM
provided archaeological and paleontological monitoring. DUKE CRM found limited and non-significant
fossil resources per CEQA. DUKE CRM complied with the mitigation monitoring conditions.
International Autocrafters, Inc., Menifee, 2014. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE
CRM was under contract to perform cultural/paleontological resource services for this 1.37-acre project. As a
part of this effort, DUKE CRM conducted records searches for cultural and paleontological resources, and a
field survey for resources within or adjacent to the project boundaries. Our research indicates that there was
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high sensitivity for paleontological resources below five feet in depth with the project boundaries. In order to
mitigate this potential impact to less than significant under CEQA, DUKE CRM recommended
paleontological monitoring below five feet in depth from the current surface.
Rialto Unified School District, Compressed Natural Gas and Transportation Yard, Rialto, 2014. Role:
Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was contracted to provide a cultural resources
assessment for this 6-acre project. This included research for cultural/paleontological resources, Native
American scoping and a field survey and preparation of a cultural resource assessment report of our findings.
Our research indicated that there was moderate potential to directly impact cultural (historical) resources
under CEQA and a low sensitivity for paleontological resources at or near the surface and a potentially high
sensitivity below 10 feet, impacting resources according to CEQA. In order to mitigate those potential
impacts to a level that is less than significant under CEQA, DUKE CRM recommended
archaeological/paleontological monitoring below 10 feet in depth.
The Westerlies, Oxnard, CA, 2014-2015. DUKE CRM was contracted to provide a cultural resources
assessment for the 6.6-acre residential condominium project in compliance with CEQA. As part of that
effort, DUKE CRM conducted a records search, field survey, retained a Chumash Native American monitor
at the request of the City and provided archaeological support. No cultural materials were discovered.
Dhammakaya International Meditation Center, Azusa, 2013-2014. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM completed a cultural and paleontological resource assessment of the
Dhammakaya property. Tasks included research, field survey, architectural survey, historic evaluation of the
property. Due to substantial collective losses in integrity of design, materials, and feeling, the MacNeil
Mansion-Manresa Retreat Property is not eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources;
however, the Property remains eligible for its current designation of “Potential Landmark” under the City’s
Historic Preservation Ordinance and is therefore considered a historical resource per CEQA.
Recommendations were made regarding preservation of significant historic details and elements of the
property. The project as designed had a less than significant impact to the MacNeil Mansion-Manresa Retreat
Property with proposed mitigation. Mitigation measures include archaeological monitoring in the northwest
portion of the property (near an early historic period structure) and paleontological monitoring in the
southern half of the property when excavation exceeds approximately five feet in depth and in the northern
half of the property when excavation exceeds two foot in depth (due to high paleontologic sensitivity in two
separate geologic formations).
Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Campus Seismic Retrofit, 2013-14. DUKE CRM completed a
cultural resources study for this project. DUKE CRM coordinated with a diverse project team including
multiple branches of the VA at the Campus and in Washington D.C. In addition, we consulted with Native
American groups and other consultants who completed smaller projects on the Campus. Our tasks included a
cultural resources records search, field survey, Native American coordination, and preparing an archaeological
survey report. The report included a survey for the entire campus, but our APE and mitigation focused on
the Seismic Retrofit project. Two historic archaeological resources were recorded dating to the early
development of the Campus as the Pacific Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers
(NHDVS) founded in 1888. Because of the developed nature of the property our emphasis was on the
potential for discovery of prehistoric and historical archaeological resources during the implantation phase of
development.
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Santa Rosa Road Widening Project, City of Camarillo, 2014. DUKE CRM was contracted to provide
cultural resources services for supplemental reports. DUKE CRM prepared a supplemental HPSR, ASR, and
APE Map for this local assistance project. No cultural resources were identified within the APE. Several of
the adjacent parcels contained historic buildings, however they were exempt from further consideration.
DUKE CRM worked with Caltrans staff to expedite review of these studies in support of the tight project
schedule.
California Street Off-Ramp/Highway 101, City of Ventura, 2014 - Present. DUKE CRM is under
contract to provide cultural resources support for this project. DUKE CRM is preparing an ASR and
Extended Phase I Survey (XPI) for this project. The project is located in the downtown Ventura area. Prior
to the construction of Highway 101 this area consisted of a neighborhood dating to the 1800s-1890s. The San
Miguel Chapel site is located immediately adjacent to the project boundaries. The XPI will determine whether
or not there are any archaeological resources buried under the current off-ramp and commercial properties
that make up the project APE.
Lakeside, Temescal Valley, 2014-2017. DUKE CRM was contracted to provide Phase I and Phase II
archaeological services for the 590-acre Lakeside Temescal Valley project. The Phase I study included a
records search, field survey, and Native American consultation; and determined that six prehistoric
archaeological sites would be physically impacted by the project. Subsequently, a Phase II archaeological
excavation was conducted each of these sites, which included the preparation of a research design,
mechanical trenching and hand excavations, laboratory analysis, and a detailed technical report. Five of the six
sites were recommended eligible for both the National and California Registers; the sixth site will remain
preserved. DUKE CRM assisted with extensive consultation with Native American Tribes and conducted a
preliminary ethnographic landscape study.
Rice Avenue at 5th Street Grade Separation, Oxnard, 2015-2017. DUKE CRM was under contract to
provide Area of Potential Effects Map, Archaeological/Paleontological studies and ASR and PIR, cultural
landscape study, historical property survey report (HPSR), Native American consultation and Extended Phase
I Survey (XPI), lab analysis and report for this project. DUKE CRM identified three archaeological resources
within and/or adjacent to the project. The XPI was conducted to identify possible archaeological resources
buried within or immediately adjacent to the APE.
New Model Colony East Bridges Over Cucamonga Creek and Deer Creek Flood Control Channels
at Schaefer Avenue, Edison Avenue, Eucalyptus Avenue, and Merrill Avenue, Ontario, 2015. DUKE
CRM was contracted to provide a cultural/paleontological resource assessment for this project. As a part of
the assessment, DUKE CRM conducted records searches and field survey to identify any
cultural/paleontological resources within the proposed project boundaries. No potential historical resources
were located within the project boundaries due to construction and modern agriculture activities. However,
the project area contains shallow Pleistocene sediments with a high sensitivity for fossils below a depth of 5
feet. Therefore, DUKE CRM recommended paleontological monitoring below 5 feet.
Serrano Ridge Project, Temescal Valley, 2015. DUKE CRM was under contract to provide
paleontological monitoring for construction of 87 residential lots in a 25.13-acre lot in the existing Sycamore
Creek development. Four weekly monitoring site visits occurred, with field notes, photos and documentation,
excavation activities and exposed fossils. Only one fossil locality produced 5+ fossil specimens.
Marywood Pastoral Center, Orange, 2014-2015. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE
CRM was under contract to provide cultural/paleontological resource assessment and construction
monitoring. As a part of this effort, DUKE CRM conducted a records search including a review of all
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recorded historic and prehistoric archaeological sites within a 1-mile radius of the project boundary as well as
pertinent reports. The paleontological research indicated no fossil localities reported within the project
boundaries. However, geological formations have produced a significant number of fossil specimens in the
area which could be impacted by the proposed project during ground disturbance greater than the infill soil
depth of 90 feet; therefore, paleontological resources could be encountered during construction and a PMP
should be developed to mitigate any further potential adverse impacts to paleontological resources.
Emmanuel Church, Victorville, 2014. DUKE CRM was under contract to provide
cultural/paleontological resource services for this 11.33-acre church expansion project. As a part of that
effort DUKE conducted records searches, and intensive-level field survey to identify any previously known
cultural/paleontological resources. The field survey did not discovery cultural or paleontological resources at
the surface. The research conducted indicated a high sensitivity for both prehistoric archaeological resources
and paleontological resources during ground disturbing activities. Under CEQA, DUKE CRM recommended
a less than significant finding with archaeological/paleontological mitigation be incorporated.
Cherryann-United Methodist, Moreno Valley, 2014. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
DUKE CRM was contracted to conduct a cultural resource assessment for this wireless facility in compliance
with Section 106 of the NHPA and regulations implementing the NHPA. As part of this effort, DUKE CRM
conducted a records search for cultural resources and other online resources. A pedestrian field survey was
also conducted of the project APE and a vehicular survey of the surrounding area. The records search
identified a prehistoric archaeological site 500’ southwest of the facility. No cultural resources were identified
in the direct APE so there is little potential for indirect impacts.
Lincoln Specific Plan, Whittier, 2014. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM
conducted an archaeological and paleontological assessment for the Lincoln Specific Plan. The project is
located at the site of the former Fred C. Nelles Youth Correctional Facility. A records search at the SCCIC
and NHMLAC, Native American consultation, and a field survey were conducted. The Nelles Facility was
built in 1891 and is listed as California Historical Landmark No. 947. It is also eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places. Our study determined that there is a high sensitivity for early historic buried
components of the Nelles Facility. In addition, it was determined that future excavation could impact buried
paleontological resources at depth. A mitigation monitoring plan was recommended that included historic
archaeological monitoring in excavation in the top 7 feet of excavation and paleontological monitoring below
7 feet.
Rancho Road Widening, City of Westminster, 2014. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist.
DUKE CRM was contracted to provide cultural resources support for this local assistance project. DUKE
CRM prepared an HPSR, ASR, and APE Map for this project. No cultural resources were identified within
the APE. Several of the adjacent parcels contained historic buildings. DUKE CRM worked with Caltrans
staff to reduce the size of the APE so that these resources were not within the APE. This was largely due to
the limited nature of the project and its potential to impact these built-environment historic resources.
Petersen Ranch, Leona Valley, 2013-2014. Petersen Ranch is approximately 3,900 acres and is a
Mitigation/Conservation Bank (Project). Mr. Duke’s role on this project was cultural resources Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted a records search, Native American consultation, and a field survey.
The 236-acre restoration area is considered the project area of potential effects (APE) for the purposes of
Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) The records search did not identify any
archaeological resources within the project APE. However, three cultural resources were located within the
3,900 Project footprint: CA-LAN-1074H-an adobe structure, possibly 140 years old, CA-LAN-1073/H- an
isolated prehistoric stone biface and an iron cannonball from the Gun Club which was/is located on the
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property, and CA-LAN-3478H-remnants from the old Foothill Ranch during the records search. The field
survey identified two isolated prehistoric artifacts (Iso-1 and Iso-2) and a small prehistoric artifact scatter (S-1,
2 manos and a core). The isolates had limited research potential and were not considered significant or
eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (National Register); while the artifact scatter may have
additional artifacts associated with it buried or obscured by vegetation and could be potentially eligible for the
National Register. DUKE CRM recommended avoidance of this site or if impacts were unavoidable
conducting Phase II Archaeological evaluation/excavation to determine if it is eligible for the National
Register.
Olive View Medical Center, San Fernando, 2012-14. Mr. Duke’s role on this project was Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM prepared a Phase I Archaeological Survey Report and conducted archaeological
monitoring. For the Phase I Mr. Duke conducted the records search, field survey and report preparation. He
also led the consultation efforts with Native Americans on behalf of the County and FEMA. The results of
the survey were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources were identified and there were no delays
to the project. However, SHPO recommended archaeological monitoring due to a perceived high potential
for historical archaeological resources.
Thomas Ranch, Corona, 2013-2014. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM
conducted archaeological and paleontological monitoring and negotiated the Cultural Resources Treatment
and Monitoring Plan. Mr. Duke worked with both the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians and the Soboba
Band of Luiseño Indians to reach consensus on the treatment of cultural resources. It was decided that any
artifacts would be turned over to the Pechanga for permanent curation. The Pechanga and Soboba alternated
weeks of monitoring rather than both Tribes being reimbursed the entire time of monitoring.
Wyle Laboratories Testing Project, Norco, 2013-15. DUKE CRM was contracted to provide
archaeological monitoring for hazardous materials soil testing at the Wyle Laboratories in Norco. A prior
study identified prehistoric archaeological resources within the area of the proposed testing. DUKE CRM
worked with the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians and the project team during testing in areas of the
property that were adjacent to, and/or within archaeological resources.
6th Street Viaduct Replacement Project, City of Los Angeles, 2013. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM is under contract to provide archaeological and paleontological support for the
construction phase of this project. The viaduct is comprised of two bridges: 1) a bridge over the Los Angeles
River and the UPRR, BNSF, Metrolink, and Metro Railroads; and 2) a bridge over U.S. Highway 101. Mr.
Duke’s role on this project is Project Manager and Principal Archaeologist for archaeology. DUKE CRM
prepared an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) Action Plan for archaeology and worked with Bruce
Lander who prepared a Paleontological Mitigation Plan (PMP). These documents will be used to specify how
archaeological and paleontological resources shall be treated during construction of this multi-year, multi-
phase project. DUKE CRM will be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the archaeological and
paleontological monitoring program on behalf of the City to ensure that mitigation measures are adhered to.
Alon Bakersfield Refinery Crude Flexibility Project, Bakersfield, 2013. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was under contract to conduct a cultural resources assessment in compliance
with CEQA for this 427-acre improvement project. As part of this effort, DUKE CRM conducted a records
search, Native American consultation, field survey and historic resource evaluation which identified one
cultural resource within the project boundaries and 12 within a ½ mile radius. None of the Native American
consulted had specific information about cultural resources that may be impacted by the project. The historic-
built environment evaluation found four historic buildings with the project boundaries; however, none of
them were considered historically significant under CEQA.
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BP Pier B, Building 2, Port and City of Long Beach, 2013. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted a records search and historic evaluation of Building 2. DUKE CRM
was assisted by Heritage Preservation Consultants; a sub-consultant. BP Pipelines proposed to demolish
Building 2 as it is no longer in use. The Port of Long Beach required that the building be evaluated for
historic significance. The results of our efforts determined that Building 2 is not eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places. However, the building appears to be eligible as a City of Long Beach Landmark.
The City has 11 criteria which a building can possible meet to be considered eligible; however, a building need
only meet one criterion to be considered eligible. Building 2 is considered eligible under criteria K (It is one of
the few remaining examples in the city, region, state or nation possessing distinguishing characteristics of an
architectural or historical type).
A-1 Self Storage, San Juan Capistrano, 2013. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE
CRM was under contract to conduct archaeological monitoring for this project.
46 Cambridge Court, Coto de Caza, Orange County, CA, 2013. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was under contract to provide cultural/paleontological resource services for this
residential lot of 1.6 acres in compliance with CEQA. This effort included records searches to identify any
cultural or paleontological resources, a field survey and preparation of a cultural/paleontological resource
assessment. Our efforts indicated that the project area was moderately high sensitivity for both cultural
(archaeological) and paleontological resources. Monitoring was recommended during construction to mitigate
to a level that is considered less than significant.
3 Tracts, Escondido, 2013. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM completed a
cultural resources records search and field survey of three separated tracts in the City of Escondido. The
records search was completed through the South Coastal Information Center, located at San Diego State
University. A paleontological study was completed through the San Diego Natural History Museum. No
cultural resources were identified during the study.
Laverne Avenue Retention Basin Project, Barstow, 2013. DUKE CRM was retained by the City of
Barstow to conduct a Class III Cultural Resources survey for the Barstow BLM for this project. The project
will include improvements to control run-off flows which are collected within existing residential areas south
of the Interstate 15 and conveyed through I-15 ROW within concrete box culverts. DUKE CRM conducted
a records search, an intensive-level field survey and pedestrian survey to check the status of previously
recorded cultural resources and to identify any previously recorded cultural resources. Our research and field
survey indicate that the cultural resources observed within the APE were not eligible for the National
Register. The area had been previously disturbed. A finding of no adverse effect under Section 106 was
recommended. No further investigations were needed.
AT&T Mobility, On-Call, 2011-2014. DUKE CRM has conducted cultural resources studies for multiple
cell site installations throughout southern and central California. Tasks completed include: records searches,
field surveys, Native American consultation, and reports. Several of these projects have included installations
located within and near archaeological resources.
Mobilitie, On-Call, 2011-2012. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke conducted records
searches, field surveys and prepared reports for various wireless facilities throughout southern and central
California.
Sepulveda Boulevard Bridge Widening, Manhattan Beach, 2012-13. Mr. Duke’s role on this project is
Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM prepared a Phase I Archaeological Survey Report.
Mr. DUKE’s team conducted a field survey, records search, and report preparation. The results of the
assessment were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources were identified and there were no delays
to the project. Caltrans is the lead agency for NEPA; the City is the lead agency for CEQA.
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Lamb School Residential Subdivision, Huntington Beach, 2013.Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted the cultural resources mitigation measures required by the City. This
included historical documentation of the school building and site, and archaeological and paleontological
construction monitoring. The DPR site record were submitted to the South Central Coastal Information
Center and the monitoring report was submitted to the City.
Wardlow School Residential Subdivision, Huntington Beach, 2013. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM conducted the cultural resources mitigation measures required by the City. This
includes historical documentation of the school building and site, and archaeological and paleontological
construction monitoring. DPR site record were submitted to the South Central Coastal Information Center
and the monitoring report was submitted to the City.
Scalzo Property, San Juan Capistrano, 2012. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke
conducted a due diligence study for this 16-acre property. This work included research, site visit, and brief
letter report.
1st Street over Glendale Boulevard, Los Angeles, 2012. Mr. Duke’s role on this project was Project
Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was under contract to prepare a Phase I Archaeological
Survey Report and Historic Property Survey Report. Mr. Duke’s team conducted a field survey and report
preparation. The results of the assessment were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources were
identified and there were no delays to the project.
San Fernando Road Widening at Balboa Road, Los Angeles, 2012. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. DUKE CRM was under contract to prepare a Phase I Archaeological Survey Report and
Historic Property Survey Report. Mr. Duke’s team conducted the research, field survey, and report
preparation. The results of the assessment were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources were
identified and there were no delays to the project. DUKE CRM also prepared a Paleontological Identification
Report.
Hearst Castle Telecommunications Tower, Pacific Bell Wireless/Cingular Wireless/T-Mobile, 2000,
2001, 2012. Mr. Duke was responsible for completing and overseeing three separate studies on the Hearst
Castle property which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The first 2 studies in 2000 and
2001 were prepared for the initial placement of the tower and power run, respectively. These reports were
reviewed and approved by the County of San Luis Obispo and the State Historic Preservation Officer
(SHPO). In 2012, Mr. Duke prepared a compliance report for the placement of new antennas on the tower.
The 2000 and 2001 studies were completed while with a former employer.
California Avenue Widening, Long Beach, 2011. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. DUKE
CRM prepared a Phase I Archaeological Survey Report. DUKE CRM conducted the research, field survey,
and report preparation. The results of the assessment were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources
were identified and there were no delays to the project.
Palomar Mountain Fuels Modification, 2011. Role: Project Manager/ Principal Archaeologist. DUKE
CRM conducted a Phase I archaeological survey of 11.5 acres. The survey report was completed quickly and
was accepted by the Palomar Mountain Fire Safe Council and the BLM without any comments.
Mid County Parkway, Riverside County, CA, 2004-2011. Role: Task Manager/ Principal Archaeologist.
The studies for the Mid County Parkway project included a 32-mile corridor (from Interstate 15 to State
Route 79) in western Riverside County. The archaeological survey covered 3,680 acres and identified 91
archaeological sites. An extended Phase I survey (limited excavation) was conducted at 79 of the sites.
Ultimately Phase II excavations were conducted at eight of the sites. Four archaeological sites were
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determined eligible for the National Register. A built environment historic resources survey was conducted
and one historic dairy was determined eligible for the National Register. This project included extensive
consultation with Indian Tribes. All work was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA,
NEPA, and CEQA. FHWA, Caltrans, and RCTC were the lead agencies and Jacobs Engineering was the lead
engineering firm under contract to RCTC. Employer: LSA Associates.
Colton Crossing Rail-to-Rail Grade Separation, Colton, CA, 2008-2011. Role: Project Manager/
Principal Archaeologist. The Colton Crossing project involved the separation of the at-grade crossing of the
UP and BNSF railroads. The Colton Crossing is a historically significant railroad crossing where a stand-off
between the SP and California Southern railroads took place. Despite SP’s efforts the California Southern
railroad was granted access across SP’s right-of-way. Research showed that the project’s APE contained
numerous historic buildings and was very active in historic times. Under Mr. Duke’s direction an
archaeological survey and an extended Phase I survey (limited excavation) were conducted. Sixteen historical
archaeological sites were discovered; these included building remnants and refuse deposits. None of the
archaeological sites were determined eligible for the National Register. A built environment historic resources
survey evaluated the UP and BNSF railroads, the SP passenger depot, the American Railway Express
Company building, and the historic South Colton neighborhood; none of which were determined eligible for
the National Register. All work was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA, NEPA, and
CEQA. FHWA and Caltrans were the lead agencies working in cooperation with SANBAG, FRA, UP, and
BNSF. HDR was the lead engineering firm under contract to SANBAG. Employer: LSA Associates.
I-15/I-215 Interchange Project, Devore, San Bernardino County, 2008-11. Role: Task Manager. Mr.
Duke was the cultural resources task manager. Under Mr. Duke’s direction an ASR, HRER, and HPSR were
prepared. An archaeological site was recorded immediately adjacent to the project boundaries, within the
APE. Mr. Duke and his staff worked closely with the Caltrans archaeologist to record and evaluate this site
for the National Register without conducting a Phase II excavation. In doing this, the client saved thousands
of dollars and almost one year on their schedule. His staff also evaluated a portion of historic Route 66 and
several related historic buildings. Employer: LSA Associates.
24th Street Improvements, City of Bakersfield, 2008-2011. Mr. Duke’s role on this project was Cultural
Resources Task Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke prepared the Historic Property Survey Report.
He managed a team of archaeologists, paleontologists, and historians to complete the HRER, ASR,
PIR/PER, and APE map. He conducted the archaeological field survey. His team identified 93 historic
period buildings/structures, including two historic districts. Employer: LSA Associates.
Alta East Wind Project, Mojave, Kern County, CA 2010-11. CH2M HILL, Inc., requested a
paleontological resources assessment for the Alta East Wind Project northwest of the City of Mojave in
southeastern Kern County, California. The project includes developing pads for wind generation turbines,
turbine access and service roads, management facilities, and a transmission line running from the center of
the project south to connect with an existing distribution grid. The study area includes five sections of land
that contain sediments that have potential for paleontological resources. The early Pliocene Horned Toad
Formation contains the late Hemphillian Warren Local Fauna, with 24 fossil mammalian taxa. The literature
review identified 34 fossil localities in the Horned Toad Formation, 12 of which were verified within project
boundaries. The field survey located an additional 69 localities within project boundaries. Because of the
potential for direct impacts to all paleontological resource localities, mitigation procedures are summarized. A
project-specific paleontological resources impact mitigation program (PRIMP), including fossil salvage by
qualified paleontologists, was recommended to accompany development of this project. Employer: LSA
Associates.
I-215/SR-74 Interchange Improvements Project, Perris: Paleontological Mitigation Monitoring,
2010-11. Mr. Duke was the Task Manager for this project. The scope of work included paleontological
monitoring during grading operations and environmental awareness (paleontological focus) training. He was
responsible for working with the qualified paleontologist and coordinating field assignments for this project.
Mr. Duke and his staff worked a communication system with the grading contractor that allowed for minimal
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field effort while achieving compliance. This allowed for savings to the overall budget. Employer: LSA
Associates.
Aliso Canyon Park Improvements, Los Angeles, 2010. Under contract to the City of Los Angeles, Bureau
of Engineering Mr. Duke prepared a Phase I Archaeological Survey Report. Mr. Duke was the project
manager and principal-in-charge for this project. He oversaw the research, field survey, and report
preparation. The results of the assessment were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources were
identified and there were no delays to the project. Employer: LSA Associates.
Five Winds Ranch Conservation/Mitigation Bank, Yucaipa, San Bernardino County, 2010. Mr. Duke
served as the Principal-in-Charge for this project. He coordinated with staff biologists and archaeologists to
complete a general biological survey, a waters/wetland delineation, a cultural resources survey, a Mitigation
Banking Feasibility Study, a draft and final Mitigation Banking Prospectus, and a Bank Enabling Instrument.
Several cultural resources were identified, both historic and prehistoric in nature. These resources were not
impacted and therefore no additional work was necessary. Employer: LSA Associates.
Mammoth Lakes Parks and Recreation and Trail System Master Plan, 2010. Mr. Duke prepared a
cultural resources assessment for the Draft Parks and Recreation Master Plan (PRMP) and the Draft Trail
System Master Plan (TSMP) EIRs. He conducted a records search, site visits, and prepared a report
documenting the effort and making management recommendations. The cultural resource assessment was
completed pursuant to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Employer: LSA Associates.
P.I. Market Archaeological Monitoring, Pismo Beach, 2007. Mr. Duke oversaw the completion of
archaeological monitoring associated with the demolition of the P. I. (Philippine Islands) Market. The P.I.
Market opened in 1936 by Filipino immigrant Jorge Tejada. Over the years the Market became a central place
for the Filipino community. The Market closed in 1972 due to competition and the development of the
modern Supermarket. The Market was evaluated for the California Register of Historical Resources and
determined not eligible. The finding also determined that archaeological monitoring of demolition may
discover historic artifacts of public interest. While no significant finds were made, a few household items
were collected. This project was completed while with a previous employer.
Rancho Vista Boulevard (Ave. P) Grade Separation Project, Palmdale, 2007-10. Mr. Duke’s role was
Principal Archaeologist, providing project supervision and regulatory expertise. Under contract to the City of
Palmdale and LAN Engineering, Mr. Duke’s team conducted a records search and field survey, and prepared
an Archaeological Survey Report and Historic Properties Survey Report which was reviewed and approved by
Caltrans. The results of the assessment were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources were
identified and there were no delays to the project. Employer: LSA Associates.
California Valley Solar Ranch, California Valley, San Luis Obispo County, 2009-10. Role: Principal-in-
Charge. California Valley Solar Ranch is a 4,000-acre project located on the Carrizo Plain in eastern San Luis
Obispo County. Mr. Duke was the Principal-in-Charge for this project. His team conducted a records search,
field survey, Native American scoping, and prepared an archaeological survey report. His team identified,
recorded, and evaluated several historical archaeological sites. Employer: LSA Associates.
Melrose Triangle, West Hollywood, 2009-10. Under contract to the City of West Hollywood Mr. Duke
oversaw the preparation of a historic resources survey which included research, field surveys, and preparation
of a historic context and survey report. Mr. Duke acted as the principal-in-charge for this project. Employer:
LSA Associates.
Hollyhock House, Barnsdall Park, Los Angeles, 2009-10. Under contract to the City of Los Angeles,
Bureau of Engineering Mr. Duke oversaw the preparation of a supplemental historic structure report which
included research, field inspection, and preparation of a report. Mr. Duke acted as the principal-in-charge for
this project. Employer: LSA Associates.
Delano-Alpaugh Water Reclamation Pipeline, Kern and Tulare Counties, 2006-2009. Mr. Duke
prepared a cultural resources assessment study for the Delano-Alpaugh Water Reclamation Pipeline
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(DAWRP) while working for a previous employer. His role was cultural resources task manager and principal
Archaeologist. The project was approximately 11 miles Long. The research and field survey were conducted
to determine whether the DAWRP project would result in impacts to any historical resources and/or unique
archaeological resources. The cultural resources assessment was completed pursuant to CEQA and Section
106 of the NHPA. His team completed a cultural resources records search and a field survey. The project was
immediately adjacent to Allensworth State Historic Park and National Register Historic District. The field
survey identified two historical archaeological sites adjacent to the project alignment. Employer: LSA
Associates.
Professional Hospital Supply, Temecula, 2008. Mr. Duke and his staff were retained by the Garrett
Group to conduct an Archaeological and Paleontological Monitoring Program for the 32-acre Professional
Hospital Supply Project in the City of Temecula. The construction monitoring program is the result of an
agreement between the City of Temecula and the Pechanga Band of Mission Indians due to the presence of a
portion of an archaeological site near the project boundaries. No cultural or paleontological resources were
identified. Employer: LSA Associates.
Lancaster Highlands Project, Meridian Land Development Company, 2007. Mr. Duke oversaw the
completion of a cultural resource assessment for the 1,891-acre project. All work was completed for Meridian
Land Development Company. Tasks included a records search and field survey for archaeology and
paleontology. Employer: LSA Associates.
Temecula 32, Archaeological Phase II Testing, 2007. Mr. Duke and his staff were retained by the Garrett
Group to conduct an intensive pedestrian survey and test excavation in and around the reported location of a
prehistoric lithic scatter. However, no remnants associated with the site were identified on or beneath the
surface. Therefore, Mr. Duke recommended that this site should not be considered “a unique archaeological
resource” or “historical resource” under CEQA. LSA worked with the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians
and they monitored all field activities. Employer: LSA Associates.
I-15/SR-79 Interchange Project, Riverside County, 2006-10. Role: Task Manager. Mr. Duke was the
cultural resources task manager. This project is located on top of a significant, National Register-listed
archaeological site that is also very sacred to the Luiseño Band of Indians. Under Mr. Duke’s direction an
ASR, ESA Action Plan, and HPSR were prepared. Due to the sensitivity surrounding the sacred site Mr.
Duke and his staff consulted regularly with the Caltrans archaeologist, Native American Coordinator, and
Native Americans. Employer: LSA Associates.
Residence “A,” Barnsdall Park, Los Angeles, 2009. Under contract to the City of Los Angeles, Bureau of
Engineering Mr. Duke oversaw the preparation of a historic structure report which included research, field
inspection, and preparation of a report. Mr. Duke acted as the principal-in-charge for this project. Employer:
LSA Associates.
Westlake Historic Resources Survey, Los Angeles, 2008-09. Under contract to the Community
Redevelopment Agency of Los Angeles (CRA LA) and Chattel Architecture Planning and Preservation, Inc.
Mr. Duke oversaw the preparation of a historic resources survey which included research, field surveys, and
preparation of a historic context and survey report. Mr. Duke acted as the principal-in-charge for this project.
Employer: LSA Associates.
Needles Highway Improvement Projects, County of San Bernardino, 2004-08. Role: Cultural Resources
Task Manager. To complete this project Mr. Duke oversaw the completion of archaeological and
paleontological research and field surveys along Needles Highway between the City of Needles and Aha
Macav Parkway. During the study a total of 45 cultural resources identified; 14 were previously recorded and
31 were newly recorded. These resources include 33 prehistoric cultural resources, four historic cultural
resources, two cultural resources with historic and prehistoric components, and six cultural resources of
unknown age. All work was completed in compliance with CEQA, NEPA, and NHPA. Employer: LSA
Associates
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Superstition Solar I Project, Salton Sea, Imperial County, 2008.Role: Principal-in-Charge. Superstition
Solar I was a 5,600-acre project located on BLM Land. Mr. Duke was the Principal-in-Charge for this project.
His team conducted a records search, reconnaissance survey, Native American scoping, and prepared a Class
III Intensive Survey Research Design. Employer: LSA Associates.
Thomas Mountain Fuels Reduction Project, near Idyllwild, CA, 2008. Mr. Duke and his colleague
Virginia Austermann worked with the San Bernardino National Forest (SBNF) to complete a cultural
resources assessment of the proposed 10,465-acre Thomas Mountain Fuels Reduction project located in the
San Jacinto Ranger District of the San Bernardino National Forest, Riverside County, California. The
proposed project was an undertaking that could have affected heritage resources, and the archaeological
survey of the area of potential affect (APE) was conducted in compliance with Section 36 CFR Part 800 of
Section 106 of the NHPA. The report presented the results of the records search, numerous field surveys
completed by others from 1980 through 2007, and Native American consultation. In total nineteen cultural
resources were documented and considered for planning purposes. Working with the SBNF archaeologist,
our team applied the 1996 Programmatic Agreement for Compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act for Undertakings on the National Forests of the Pacific Southwest Region. Mr. Duke’s role was Principal-in-Charge
overseeing all contract negotiations and providing quality control. Employer: LSA Associates
Magnolia Boulevard Widening, Los Angeles, 2008. Under contract to the City of Los Angeles, Bureau of
Engineering Mr. Duke prepared a Phase I Archaeological Survey Report. Mr. Duke was the project manager
and principal-in-charge for this project. He oversaw the research, field survey, and report preparation. The
results of the assessment were negative, meaning that no archaeological resources were identified and there
were no delays to the project. Employer: LSA Associates
South District Maintenance Yard, Los Angeles, 2008. Under contract to the City of Los Angeles, Bureau
of Engineering Mr. Duke oversaw the preparation of a historic resources survey which included research,
field surveys, and preparation of a historic context and survey report. Mr. Duke acted as the principal-in-
charge for this project. Employer: LSA Associates
Fire Station 82, Los Angeles, 2008. Under contract to the City of Los Angeles, Bureau of Engineering Mr.
Duke oversaw the preparation prepared of a historic resources survey which included research, field surveys,
and preparation of a historic context and survey report. Mr. Duke acted as the principal-in-charge for this
project. Employer: LSA Associates
Chuckwalla Solar I Project, Desert Center, Riverside County, 2007-08. Chuckwalla Solar I was a 4,000-
acre project located on BLM Land. Mr. Duke was the Principal-in-Charge for this project. His team
conducted a records search, intensive field survey, Native American scoping, and prepared a Class III
Intensive Survey Report. Employer: LSA Associates
McSweeny Farms, Hemet, CA, 2004-2008. Mr. Duke directed all cultural resources efforts for the
McSweeny Farms project. He conducted third-party review of prior Phase I archaeological survey and
extended Phase I survey. His team conducted Phase II and geoarchaeological excavations at several sites
throughout the project, one of which is a large, regional prehistoric village site. Mr. Duke worked with
SunCal, the City of Hemet, the Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE), and local Indian Tribes to balance the
needs of each party. In addition, his team provided archaeological and paleontological monitoring for the
project. He worked with Tribal monitors to document important archaeological sites, while maintaining the
overall project schedule. Employer: LSA Associates
Hacienda at Fairview Valley Specific Plan, Apple Valley, Mojave Desert, CA, 2007-08. The Fairview
Valley Specific Plan project is located near the Town of Apple Valley in the high desert. Under Mr. Duke’s
direction a team of archaeologists conducted a records search, field survey, and prepared a technical report
for the County of San Bernardino. The team identified 73 cultural resources and determined that only 15 of
these resources are considered significant under CEQA. The team worked with the project applicant and
design team to avoid or mitigate impacts to all of the significant cultural resources. Employer: LSA
Associates.
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Majestic Hills Specific Plan, Hesperia, Mojave Desert, CA, 2006-07.The Majestic Hills Specific Plan
project is located in the City of Hesperia in the high desert. Under Mr. Duke’s direction a team of
archaeologists conducted a records search, field survey, and prepared a technical report for the City. The team
identified 32 cultural resources and determined that 11 of these resources are considered significant under
CEQA. The team worked with the project applicant and design team to avoid or mitigate impacts to all of the
significant cultural resources. Employer: LSA Associates.
Temecula Education Center, 2006. Mr. Duke and his staff were retained by the City of Temecula to
conduct an Archaeological Monitoring Program for the Temecula Education Center Project. The
construction monitoring program for the 40-acre site is the result of an agreement between the City of
Temecula and the Pechanga Band of Mission Indians due to the presence of a portion of site CA-RIV-237
within the project boundaries. Minimal archaeological data were recovered.
Mesquite Regional Landfill, Imperial County, CA, 2004-2006. Under contract to the Sanitary Districts
of Los Angeles County, Mr. Duke conducted a Class III Data Recovery project for ten Native American
cultural resources within the boundaries of the proposed Mesquite Regional Landfill (MRL) Project, located
in Imperial County, California. This effort was combined with a supplementary cultural resource
reconnaissance of adjacent Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land to identify the extension of these
resources beyond the project boundaries. Employer: LSA Associates.
20th Street West Extension, Palmdale, 2006. Mr. Duke’s role was Principal Archaeologist, providing
project supervision and regulatory expertise. Dr. Lange led the field survey and prepared the report. Under
contract to the City of Palmdale and LAN Engineering, Mr. Duke and his team conducted a records search
and field survey, and prepared an Archaeological Survey Report. The results of the assessment were negative,
meaning that no archaeological resources were identified and there were no delays to the project. Employer:
LSA Associates.
Southern California Edison, Southern and Central, CA, 2003-2005. Mr. Duke worked with SCE on its
deteriorating poles program. As poles are deteriorating, SCE replaces them with new poles. Prior to pole
replacement archaeological surveys were conducted of each pole location. The majority of this work has been
conducted on federal lands. Under his direction archaeologists have surveyed over 2,000 pole locations in the
Inyo National Forest, Angeles National Forest, San Bernardino National Forest, Sequoia National Forest, and
under the jurisdiction of California and Arizona offices of the Bureau of Land Management (5 different field
offices). In this process, his team recorded more than 35 archaeological resources ranging from isolated
chipped stone to historic mining sites. His historian evaluated the Catalina Tile Company manufacturing plant
on Catalina Island for the California Register of Historical Resources. Mr. Duke worked closely with SCE
staff and various Federal agencies to ensure a quick review and approval of the cultural resources efforts.
Employer: LSA Associates
Community and Environmental Transportation Acceptability Process (CETAP), Riverside, CA,
1999-2001. Mr. Duke participated in a reconnaissance survey that recorded over 500 prehistoric and historic
resources. The results of the cultural resource efforts were reported in a HPSR, HRER and an ASR. Mr.
Duke assisted in preparing the reports and provided management for the cultural resources aspect of this
project. Employer: LSA Associates
Los Coches Creek Elementary School, near Alpine, CA, 2003–2006. Mr. Duke conducted a Phase I
archaeological survey and oversaw subsequent Phase II test excavations. All work was conducted under the
authority of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE). Mr. Duke worked with the El Cajon Union School
District and the ACOE to avoid impacts to a majority of the cultural resources on site. Employer: LSA
Associates
Whipple-Havasu Circuit, SCE, near Lake Havasu, CA, 2003. Role: Project Manager/Principal
Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team conducted an archaeological survey of 249 poles along 25 miles of land
located on the Chemehuevi Indian Reservation and BLM lands. The project was located within the
boundaries of the Desert Training Center (DTC); however, no DTC cultural resources were observed. Seven
Page 22 of 23
cultural resources were identified: four prehistoric sites, two prehistoric isolates, and one 1920s historic camp.
All work was completed in compliance with NHPA and NEPA. Employer: LSA Associates
McCoy Circuit, SCE, Near Blythe, CA, 2003. Role: Project Manager/Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s
team conducted an archaeological survey of 388 poles along 19 miles of land located on BLM lands. The
project was located within the boundaries of the Desert Training Center (DTC); however, no DTC cultural
resources were observed. Four cultural resources were identified within or adjacent to the project boundaries:
one historic/prehistoric site with an intaglio, two historic sites, and one prehistoric site. All work was
completed in compliance with NHPA and NEPA. Employer: LSA Associates.
Limonite Senior Project, Pedley, CA, 2004. Role: Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team conducted
CEQA Phase I survey of the 30-acre project, archival research for previously recorded resource within the
project, updated site record recommending to the California Register and reviewed final report. Employer:
LSA Associates.
Trailmark Specific Plan, Romoland, CA, 2004-2005. Role: Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke managed
team field work for CEQA evaluations of four prehistoric sites, two historic sites, and one combination
prehistoric and historic site. Mr. Duke directed field excavations, including 1x1 test units, shovel test pits,
mechanical trenching, and surface collection, supervised artifact analysis, crew members and reviewed final
report. Employer: LSA Associates
Stoneridge Estates, Moreno Valley, CA, 2004. Role: Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke oversaw the survey
of approximately 300 acres and the recordation of 12 prehistoric sites as well reviewed final report. Employer:
LSA Associates.
Gibbel Estates Project, 80 Acres, Hemet, CA, 2004. Role: Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team
conducted CEQA survey of 80 acres, recordation of one new prehistoric site, the Phase II evaluations of new
site and one previously recorded site recommended eligible to the California Register. Supervised field
director, field crew and reviewed final report. Employer: LSA Associates.
Rancho Bella Vista, Riverside County, CA, 2004. Role: Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s team
conducted artifact analysis of collections recovered at three sites during construction monitoring. Mr. Duke
oversaw, Lab Director, technician and field crew as well as reviewed final report. Employer: LSA Associates.
Murrieta Springs (Tract Map Number 29707), Murrieta, CA, 2004. Role: Principal Archaeologist.
Mr. Duke’s team prepared site records for a newly recorded site discovered during construction monitoring,
conducted artifact analysis of the collection from this new site. Mr. Duke reviewed final report. Employer:
LSA Associates.
Oak Valley Specific Plan 1 Amendment, Beaumont, CA, 2004. Role: Principal Archaeologist. Mr. Duke’s
team conducted the CEQA survey of this 2,600-acre project, recordation of the historic architectural
resources. Mr. Duke edited and reviewed final report. Mr. Duke supervised a Field Director, and 4 field crew
members. Employer: LSA Associates.
Xavier College Preparatory High School, Thousand Palms, CA, 2004. Mr. Duke’s team conducted the
CEQA Phase I survey of 100 acres. He supervised the Field Director and Field Crew and reviewed the final
report. Employer: LSA Associates.
French Valley Assemblage, Menifee, CA, 2004. Mr. Duke served as Principal Archaeologist for the
CEQA Phase I survey of this 160-acre project and edited and reviewed and final report. Employer: LSA
Associates.
Menifee 60 Project, Menifee, CA, 2004. Mr. Duke served as Principal Archaeologist for the CEQA Phase I
survey of 60 acres, supervised Field Director and Field Crew as well as edited and reviewed the final report.
Employer: LSA Associates.
Page 23 of 23
Orchard Hills (Planning Area 1), Irvine, 2002.Under contract to the Irvine Company, Mr. Duke
conducted Phase II archaeological excavation on several sites. Mr. Duke served as the field director and co-
Principal Investigator. This work was completed by Mr. Duke while with another employer.
Santa Rosa Geysers Recharge Project, Santa Rosa County, 1999. Mr. Duke participated an
archaeological field survey for the Geysers Recharge Project. This work was completed while with a former
employer.
Muddy Canyon Archaeological Project (Crystal Cove-Phase IV), Newport Coast, Orange County,
1999-02. Mr. Duke served as field crew and cartographer for the Phase II test excavations and field director
and cartographer for Phase III data recovery excavations. Mr. Duke supervised up to 15 archaeologists
excavating at eight prehistoric archaeological sites.
Fort Irwin, National Training Center, CA, 1999. Role: Crew Chief/Teaching Assistant. Mr. Duke assisted
in a Field School for CSU, Fullerton. He instructed students in proper survey techniques, artifact
identification, and site record preparation. In addition, Mr. Duke co-authored the survey report.
San Nicolas Island, Naval Base Ventura County, CA, 1997. Role: Field crew. Mr. Duke was part of an
excavation and lab crew conducting test excavations at various archaeological sites. Laboratory sorting was
conducted in the evenings. Employer: Petra Resources
Salton Sea Navy Test Base, CA, 1996-97. Role: Field crew. Mr. Duke was part of a survey crew
conducting intensive surveys on the west shore of the Salton Sea. Excavation was conducted at sites that
appeared to be significant. Employer: KEA Environmental
Chocolate Mountains Gunnery Range, CA, 1996. Role: Field crew. Mr. Duke was part of a survey crew
conducting intensive surveys in the Chocolate Mountains. Employer: KEA Environmental
Mission Santa Cruz Archaeological Excavations, 1993. Mr. Duke participated in the 1993 Cabrillo
College Archaeological Field School. Archaeological excavations occurred outside the chapel in search for the
corner of the original mission building.
Allan Brown Site (CA-SCR-20) near Bonny Doon, Santa Cruz County, 1993. Mr. Duke participated in
the 1993 Cabrillo College Archaeological Field School. As part of the archaeological survey Mr. Duke
surveyed the Allan Brown site in Santa Cruz County.
Fort Hunter-Ligget/Los Padres National Forest, Monterey County, 1993. Mr. Duke participated in the
1993 Cabrillo College Archaeological Field School. As part of the archaeological survey Mr. Duke conducted
archaeological survey on the Los Padres National Forest and a portion of Fort Hunter-Ligget.
Pfeiffer State Beach, Monterey County, 1994. Mr. Duke was a Teaching Assistant for the Cabrillo College
Archaeological Field School for the summer of 1994.
Other Projects
Stadium Arco Station, San Diego, 2003-04
Cingular/PBMS, ~2,000 Facilities, Southern Calif., Nevada, and Arizona, 1997-2001
AT&T Wireless, ~1,000 Facilities, Southern California, 1998-2001
Bonita Canyon Sports Park, Newport Beach, 1997
Hicks Canyon Retention Basin, Irvine, CA, 1996
Testing of Phase III, Las Trancas Canyon, Newport Coast, 1995
Data Recovery of Site CA-ORA-64, Newport Beach, 1995
1
ADRIAN GARIBAY
PALEONTOLOGIST
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Mr. Garibay has a variety of experience ranging from fossil preparator,
paleontological monitor, and field surveyor. He has served as a Senior
Curational Technician at the John D. Cooper Center and a guest researcher
at the San Diego Natural History Museum. He has also conducted
paleontological monitoring on large commercial development projects and
surveyed for archaeological resources in the High Desert.
SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE
SR-91 Atlantic Avenue to Cherry Avenue, Long Beach, 2021-
Ongoing
7th Street Bridge Over Tuolumne River Bridge, Stanislaus, 2021-
Ongoing
West LA Veterans Hospital, West Los Angeles, Jackie Robinson
Stadium, 2021
West LA Veterans Hospital, West Los Angeles, Tiny Homes, 2021
6th Street Viaduct Replacement, Los Angeles, CA, 2012-Ongoing
Metro Division 20 Portal Widening Project, Los Angeles, CA, 2021-
Ongoing
Wasson Canyon Project, 2022-Ongoing
Chamberlain Development, 27.5-Acre Adelanto, Adelanto, 2021
Chamberlain Development, 15-Acre Adelanto, Adelanto, 2021
Frontier Homes, Sewer Siphon, Hesperia, 2021
Lake Forest Civic Center, Lake Forest, 2021
29.5-Acre Parcel, Adelanto, 2021
Primaco, Ranchero Road Parcel, Hesperia, 2021
EXPERTISE
Paleontology
Museology
Curation
Geological Science
EDUCATION
M.S., Geology, California
State University, Fullerton,
Anticipated 2022 (ABT)
B.S., Geological Science,
California State University,
Fullerton, 2016
February 2024
Cultural and PaleontologiCal resourCes assessment
elsinore heights mixed use ProjeCt, lake elsinore
26
APPENDIX B (CONFIDENTIAL)
Native American Heritage Commission for Sacred Land Files
STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor
NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION
Page 1 of 1
May 3, 2022
Morgan Bender
DUKE CRM
Via Email to:
Re: Wasson Canyon Road Project, Riverside County
Dear Morgan Bender:
A record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF)
was completed for the information you have submitted for the above referenced project. The
results were negative. However, the absence of specific site information in the SLF does not
indicate the absence of cultural resources in any project area. Other sources of cultural
resources should also be contacted for information regarding known and recorded sites.
Attached is a list of Native American tribes who may also have knowledge of cultural resources
in the project area. This list should provide a starting place in locating areas of potential
adverse impact within the proposed project area. I suggest you contact all of those indicated;
if they cannot supply information, they might recommend others with specific knowledge. By
contacting all those listed, your organization will be better able to respond to claims of failure to
consult with the appropriate tribe. If a response has not been received within two weeks of
notification, the Commission requests that you follow-up with a telephone call or email to
ensure that the project information has been received.
If you receive notification of change of addresses and phone numbers from tribes, please notify
me. With your assistance, we can assure that our lists contain current information.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at my email
address:
Sincerely,
Cody Campagne
Cultural Resources Analyst
Attachment
CHAIRPERSON
Laura Miranda
Luiseño
VICE CHAIRPERSON
Reginald Pagaling
Chumash
PARLIAMENTARIAN
Russell Attebery
Karuk
SECRETARY
Sara Dutschke
Miwok
COMMISSIONER
William Mungary
Paiute/White Mountain
Apache
COMMISSIONER
Isaac Bojorquez
Ohlone-Costanoan
COMMISSIONER
Buffy McQuillen
Yokayo Pomo, Yuki,
Nomlaki
COMMISSIONER
Wayne Nelson
Luiseño
COMMISSIONER
Stanley Rodriguez
Kumeyaay
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Raymond C.
Hitchcock
Miwok/Nisenan
NAHC HEADQUARTERS
1550 Harbor Boulevard
Suite 100
West Sacramento,
California 95691
(916) 373-3710
nahc@nahc.ca.gov
NAHC.ca.gov
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002394
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2 of 3PROJ-2022-
002394
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