Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix A Air Quality, Energy, GHG Mission Trials Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo This technical memorandum presents an analysis of the air quality, energy, and greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts for the proposed Mission Trails Residential Development (project), located along the west side of Mission Trail, south of Victorian Lane and north of Lemon Street, in the City of Lake Elsinore. The project proposes the construction and operation of 191 single-family residences with common open space, a community pool, and landscaping on a 16.98-acre site. The site is currently vacant. The site was previously analyzed as part of buildout of the East Lake Specific Plan Amendment No.11 Final Environmental Impact Report (2017), at the maximum allowable density of 18 dwelling units (DU) per acre. The project proposes a density of 11.3 DU/acre, which is less than (and therefore within) with the previous analysis. To support the CEQA document for the project, this report analyzes the proposed project’s construction and operational impacts to air quality (emission of criterial pollutants) emissions using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod v. 2022.1) land use emission model. Table 1 shows the estimated construction schedule, which is expected to last about 11 months. Table 1. Construction Schedule Activity Start Date End Date Total Days Site Preparation 1/2/2023 1/13/2023 10 Grading 1/14/2023 2/24/2023 30 Building Construction 2/25/2023 4/19/2024 300 Paving 4/20/2024 5/17/2024 20 Architectural Coating 5/18/2024 6/28/2024 30 The following defaults were changed in the CalEEmod Emission Model for this analysis: • The lot acreage and square feet for the single-family housing was changed to match the architectural plans. • Population was changed to match the City General Plan estimates for household size. • Demolition was removed as the site is vacant. • Architectural coating was increased due to the number of homes and buildings requiring coating. • Vehicle Trip Lengths changed to be consistent with the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) analysis. (21.1 daily miles). • Fireplaces and Wood Stoves removed as the project does not propose them. In addition, wood burring stoves and fireplaces are prohibited by Southern California Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) rule 445. Summary of Air Quality, Energy and GHG Impacts Air Quality: The project’s maximum daily emissions (regional and local) for construction and operation of the project would not exceed SCAQMD’s regional thresholds of significance. In addition, all construction activities would comply with applicable SCAQMD rules and regulations, including Rule 403 to minimize fugitive PM dust To: City of Lake Elsinore, Planning Division From: Alex J. Garber Date: 9/6/2022 Re: Air Quality, Energy, and Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis for the Mission Trails Residential Development Mission Trials Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo emissions, Rule 445 preventing woodfire stoves, and Rule 1113 which allows only Low-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) paints. Projects that do not exceed the regional thresholds are assumed to not have a significant impact on a project level and cumulative level. Therefore, the proposed project would have less than significant air quality impacts. Energy: The project’s energy consumption for construction does not have any unusual characteristics and is not less efficient compared with other similar construction sites. The operation of the project is also similar to other residential projects and would comply with Title 24 as well as all applicable City business and energy codes and ordinances, including photovoltaic (PV) solar panels on the rooftop of each residence to offset the energy demand. GHG: The proposed project’s GHG emissions of 2,552 MTCO2e per year and 4.1 MTCO2e per service population are below the SCAQMD and CAP significance threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year and 6.6 MTCO2e per service population for projects after 2020. Therefore, the project has a less then significant impact on GHG emissions. Air Quality Impact Tables Regional Emissions The SCAQMD has adopted maximum daily emission thresholds1 (pounds/day) for the criteria pollutants during construction and operation of a project. While incremental regional air quality impacts of an individual project are generally very small and difficult to measure, SCAQMDs regional maximum emission thresholds set standards to reduce the burden of SCAQMD to attain and maintain ambient air quality standards. The regional thresholds apply to the criteria pollutants mentioned above and can be found in Table 2 and Table 3 along with the CalEEMod projects emissions. These emission thresholds include the project emissions generated both from onsite sources (such as off-road construction equipment and fugitive dust) and offsite sources (vehicle travel leaving and arriving to the site). As can be seen in Table 2 and Table 3, the project would have less then significant regional air quality impacts. 1 SCAQMD April 2019. Found at http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/scaqmd-air-quality- significance-thresholds.pdf Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 3 Table 2. Regional Construction Emission Estimates Construction Activity Maximum Daily Regional Emissions (pounds/day) ROG NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5 2023 Site Prep 4.0 39.7 35.5 0.1 6.9 4.3 Grading 3.8 37.4 32.8 0.1 4.0 2.4 Building Construction 1.7 13.1 20.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 Maximum Daily Emissions 4.0 39.7 35.5 0.1 6.9 4.3 2024 Building Construction 1.6 12.3 19.4 0.0 0.6 0.5 Paving 1.6 7.9 11.3 0.0 0.4 0.4 Architectural Coating 72.6 1.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum Daily Emissions 72.6 12.3 19.4 0.0 0.6 0.5 Maximum Daily Emission 2023-2024 72.6 39.7 35.5 0.1 6.9 4.3 SCAQMD Significance Thresholds 75 100 550 150 150 55 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No No No Table 3. Regional Operational Emission Estimates Operational Activity Maximum Daily Regional Emissions (pounds/day) ROG NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5 Area 8.7 0.1 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Energy 0.1 1.7 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 Mobile 7.7 6.4 52.5 0.1 3.8 0.8 Total Project Operational Emissions 16.5 8.2 64.4 0.1 4.0 0.9 SCAQMD Significance Thresholds 55 55 550 150 150 55 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No No No Local Emissions Localized significance thresholds (LSTs) were also adopted by the SCAQMD due to project -related construction or operational air emissions having the potential to exceed the state and national air quality standards in the project vicinity, while not exceeding the regional emission significance thresholds adopted by the SCAQMD. These thresholds set the maximum rates of daily construction or operational emissions from a project site that would not exceed a national or State ambient air quality standard2. The differences between regional thresholds and LSTs are as follows: 1. Regional thresholds include all sources of project construction and operational emissions generated from onsite and offsite emission sources whereas the LSTs only consider the emissions generated from onsite emission sources. 2. LSTs only apply to CO, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5, while regional thresholds include both ROG and SOx. 3. Regional Thresholds apply to emission sources located anywhere within the SCAQMD whereas the LSTs are location dependent and also depend on the size of the project, and emission location relative to the nearest sensitive receptor. A sensitive receptor is defined as an individual who is most susceptible to negative health affects when exposed to air pollutants including children, the elderly, and adults with chronic health issues. Such receptors include residences, schools, elderly care centers, and hospitals. SCAQMD provides screening look up tables 2 SCAQMD 2008: Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology. Referenced on 9/3/2020 at http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/defaultsource/ceqa/handbook/localized-significance-thresholds/final-lst- methodology-document.pdf Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 4 (Appendix C of the SCAQMD 2008 Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology)3 for projects that disturb less than or equal to 5 acres in size in a day. These tables were created to easily determine if the daily emissions of NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 from a project could result in a significant impact to the local air quality. The thresholds are determined by: • Source receptor area (SRA), the geographic area within the SCAQMD that can act as both a source of emissions and a receptor of emission impacts (project is located within SRA 25, Lake Elsinore), • Size of the project, • Distance to the nearest sensitive receptor. The phase with the most ground disturbance would be the grading phase, which would grade 3 acres per day. The Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds, prepared by SCAQMD, 2015, provides guidance on how to determine the appropriate site acreage size to utilize for LST analyses. The Fact Sheet details that the maximum number of acres disturbed on the peak day of construction is calculated from the construction equipment list utilized in the CalEEMod model, which identifies that crawler tractors, graders, and rubber-tired dozers disturb 0.5-acre in an 8-hour day and scrapers disturb 1.0-acre in an 8-hour day. Table AQ-4. Construction Equipment Modeled in CalEEMod and Acres Disturbed per Day Activity Equipment Type Equipment Quantity Operating Hours per Day Acres Disturbed per piece of Equipment per Day Acres Disturbed per Day Grading Graders 1 8 0.5 0.5 Excavators 2 8 0 0 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 7 0 0 Scrapers 2 8 1.0 2.0 Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 0.5 0.5 Total Acres Disturbed Per Day 3.0 The thresholds were interpolated from the thresholds for 2 acres and 5 acre from Appendix C. Distance to the nearest sensitive receptor also determines the emission thresholds. The sensitive receptors closest to the project include residential homes east of the project boundary, about 34 meters (111 feet) from the property line. The thresholds were interpolated from the thresholds for 25 meters and 50 meters. Table 4 shows the thresholds and estimated maximum daily construction emissions for the proposed project. As seen in Table 5, the proposed project has a less then significant localized construction air quality impact. Table 5. Localized Construction Emission Estimates Construction Activity Maximum Daily Regional Emissions (pounds/day) NOx CO PM10 PM2.5 2023 Site Prep 39.7 35.5 6.9 4.3 Grading 37.3 31.4 4.0 2.4 Building Construction 11.8 13.2 0.6 0.5 Maximum Daily Emissions 39.7 35.5 6.9 4.3 2024 Building Construction 11.2 13.1 0.5 0.5 Paving 7.8 10.0 0.0 0.4 Architectural Coating 0.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 3 SCAQMD 2008: Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology Appendix C. Referenced on 9/16/2020 at http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/localized-significance-thresholds/appendix-c-mass- rate-lst-look-up-tables.pdf?sfvrsn=2 Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 5 Maximum Daily Emissions 7.8 10.0 0.0 0.4 Maximum Daily Emission 2023-2024 39.7 35.5 6.9 4.3 SCAQMD Significance Thresholds 294 1,631 13.3 6.1 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No According to the SCAQMD LST methodology, LSTs apply to project stationary mobile sources. Projects that involve mobile sources that spend long periods queuing and idling at a site, such as transfer facilities or warehousing and distribution buildings, have the potential to exceed the operational localized significance thresholds. The proposed project would operate 191 residential units, which do not involve vehicles idling or queueing for long periods. Therefore, due to the lack of significant stationary source emissions, impacts related to operational localized significance thresholds would be less than significant. Conclusion The project’s maximum daily emissions (regional and local) for construction and operation of the project would not exceed SCAQMD’s regional thresholds of significance. In addition, all construction activities would comply with applicable SCAQMD rules and regulations, including Rule 403 to minimize fugitive PM dust emissions, Rule 445 preventing woodfire stoves, and Rule 1113 which allows only Low-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) paints. Projects that do not exceed the regional thresholds are assumed to not have a significant impact on a project level and cumulative level. Therefore, the proposed project would have less than significant air quality impacts. Additionally, the project will comply with the following mitigation measures (MMs) pursuant to the East Lake Specific Plan Final EIR: MM AQ-1: Prior to approval of each new implementing development project within the East Lake Specific Plan, the applicant/developer shall demonstrate avoidance, to the extent possible, of significant impacts on air quality from construction activities through implementation of regulatory requirements and best management practices. Where project- specific analysis determines that air quality standards may be exceeded, mitigation measures that shall reduce the emissions to within air quality standards or to the greatest extent practicable shall be implemented. Project-specific analysis may be provided in the form of an air quality technical report, study, or memorandum. The mitigation measures shall include but not be limited to: Dust Control 1. Apply soil stabilizers according to manufacturers’ specifications to inactive areas (previously graded areas inactive for ten days or more). 2. Prepare a high wind dust control plan and implement plan elements and terminate soil disturbance when winds (as instantaneous gust(s)) exceed 25 mph. 3. Stabilize previously disturbed areas if subsequent construction is delayed. 4. Water actively graded surfaces 3 times per day. 5. Cover all stock piles with tarps if left undisturbed for more than 72 hours. 6. Replace ground cover in disturbed areas as soon as feasible. 7. Provide water spray during loading and unloading of earthen materials. 8. Install wheel washers, shaker plates and gravel where vehicles enter and exit the construction site onto paved roads or wash off trucks and any equipment leaving the site each trip. 9. All streets shall be swept at least once a day using SCAQMD Rule 1186 1186.1 certified street sweepers or roadway washing trucks if visible soil materials are carried to adjacent streets (recommend water sweepers with reclaimed water). 10. All trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials are to be covered. 11. Appoint a construction relations officer to act as a community liaison concerning onsite construction activity including resolution of issues related to PM10 generation. Exhaust Emissions Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 6 12. Require 90-day low-NOX tune-ups for off-road equipment. 13. Limit allowable idling to 5 minutes for trucks and heavy equipment. 14. Utilize equipment whose engines are equipped with diesel oxidation catalysts if available. 15. Utilize diesel particulate filter on heavy equipment where feasible. 16. Utilize Tier 4 off-road construction equipment. If Tier 4 off-road construction equipment is not available, require alternative fueled off-road equipment. 17. Configure construction parking to minimize traffic interference. 18. Use electricity from power poles rather than temporary diesel or gasoline power generators where connections are available. 19. Provide temporary traffic controls when activities encroach on active roadways, such as a flag person, during all phases of construction to maintain smooth traffic flow. 20. Schedule construction activities that affect traffic flow on the arterial system to off-peak hours to the extent practicable. 21. Reroute construction trucks away from congested streets or sensitive receptor areas. 22. Provide dedicated turn lanes for movement of construction trucks and equipment on- and off-site. 23. Require the use of 2010 model year diesel haul trucks that conform to 2010 EPA truck standards or newer diesel haul trucks (e.g., material delivery trucks and soil import/export), and if 2010 model year or newer diesel haul trucks cannot be obtained, the City shall require use of trucks that meet EPA 2007 model year NOx emissions requirements. Example verification includes making this provision a part of the construction contractor’s bid package, construction contract, or hauling permit. Project Applicability: MM AQ-1 is applicable to the proposed project and would be implemented as part of the construction permitting process. MM AQ-2: Prior to approval of each new implementing development project within the East Lake Specific Plan that proposes new sensitive receptors and/or would be within 500 feet of sensitive receptors shall conduct an evaluation of human health risks and/or Localized Significance Threshold (LST) analysis to identify and reduce any potential health risks from construction and/or operation impacts to sensitive receptors. Sensitive receptors include residential, schools, day care facilities, congregate care facilities, hospitals, or other places of long-term residency. The thresholds to determine exposure to substantial pollution concentrations are: A Maximum Individual Cancer Risk (MICR) of greater than ten (10) in one million. For non-cancer risks, the threshold is a hazard index value greater than one (1). LST thresholds shall be those recommended by SCAQMD. LST analysis may be provided in the form of an air quality technical report, study, or memorandum. If the analysis demonstrates LST thresholds will not be exceeded, no additional mitigation shall be required. If the analysis demonstrates exceedance during temporary construction activities or long-term operations, additional mitigation measures shall be required through conditions of approval to reduce impacts to below thresholds. Additional measures may include but not be limited to the use of one or more of the following: reduced construction schedules, low-emitting construction equipment, particulate filters, temporary or permanent use of setbacks, screening, buffers and building ventilation filters. Project Applicability: MM AQ-2 is applicable to the proposed project, and as detailed in Table 4, the proposed project would not exceed any LST thresholds and would therefore not require further mitigation. MM AQ-3: Prior to issuance of a building permit for new implementing development projects within the East Lake Specific Plan, the applicant shall demonstrate that the following measures to conserve energy have been incorporated into building design: 1. Submit plans demonstrating that any new residential buildings achieve 15% energy efficiency above 2019 Title 24 for projects after 2020. 2. Submit plans demonstrating that any new commercial buildings shall include the following green building design features: 2.1. Low-E and ENERGY STAR windows where feasible; 2.2. High-efficiency lighting systems and incorporate advanced lighting controls, such as auto shut-offs, timers, and motion sensors; Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 7 2.3. High R-value wall and ceiling insulation; and, 2.4. Use of fluorescent lighting and/or LED lighting. 3. Require acquisition of new ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and equipment. 4. Implement passive solar design strategies in new construction. Examples of passive solar strategies include orienting building to enhance sun access, designing narrow structures, and incorporating skylights and atria. Project Applicability: MM AQ-3 is applicable to the proposed project and would be implemented as part of the building permitting process. MM AQ-4 Prior to issuance of a building permit for new commercial, multi-family residential and mixed-use implementing development projects within the East Lake Specific Plan, the applicant shall demonstrate on the landscaping plan that the following water and energy conservation measures have been incorporated: 1. Participation in green waste collection and recycling programs for landscape maintenance with designated green waste collection and storage areas and use of vendors that provide green waste collection and recycling services during operation of future development project; 2. Use of landscaping with low water requirements in accordance with the City of Lake Elsinore’s Water Efficient Landscape Requirements Ordinance (Lake Elsinore Municipal Code Chapter 19.08); 3. Planting of trees or vegetation to shade buildings and thus reduce heating/cooling demand. Project Applicability: MM AQ-4 is not applicable to the proposed project because the project does not include commercial, multi-family residential and mixed-uses. However, participation in green waste collection and recycling programs for landscape maintenance, compliance with the City’s landscaping and water efficiency requirements would be implemented as part of the building permitting process. Energy The State CEQA Guidelines do not have specific thresholds for Energy consumption. Rather, the question in Appendix G: VI Energy (a) asks, “[Does the proposed project] Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources during project construction or operation?”. Therefore, for the purpose of this analysis, a significant impact would occur if: • The Project design and/or location encourages wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary consumption of energy, especially fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum, as well as the use of fuel by vehicles anticipated to travel to and from the project. The following assumptions were used to calculate the energy consumption of the proposed project: • The project’s construction and operational energy consumption would be provided by Southern California Edison Company. • Construction equipment fuel consumption derived from ARB Offroad2021 emission model • Fuel Consumption from vehicle travel derived from ARB EMFAC2021 emission model • Electrical and natural gas usage derived from the CalEEMod model Construction Electricity and Natural Gas Usage: Due to the project size and the fact that construction is temporary, the electricity used would be substantially less than that required for project operation and would have a negligible contribution to the project’s overall energy consumption. The electric power used would be for as-necessary lighting and electronic equipment such as computers inside temporary construction trailers. Natural gas is not anticipated to be needed for construction activities. Any consumption of natural gas would be minor and negligible in comparison to the operation of the proposed project. Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 8 Petroleum Fuel Usage: The construction equipment associated with construction activities (off-road/heavy duty vehicles) would rely on diesel fuel as would vendor and haul trucks involved in delivering building materials and removing the demolition debris from the project site. Construction workers would travel to and from the project site throughout the duration of construction, and for a conservative analysis it is assumed that construction workers would travel in gasoline-powered passenger vehicles. Table 6 shows the total fuel consumption and horsepower-hour data contained within the ARB OffRoad2021 emission model for specific types of diesel construction equipment. It should be noted that the total fuel consumption is a conservative analysis and would likely overstate the amount of fuel usage, as specific construction equipment is not expected to operate during the duration of the construction activity (i.e., crane). Table 7 summarizes the project’s construction vehicle fuel usage based on vehicle miles traveled and fuel usage factors contained in the ARB EMFAC2021. The trips included are worker vehicles, vendor vehicles, and haul vehicles. Table 8 shows the overall fuel consumption for construction of the proposed project. Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 9 Table 6. Construction Equipment Fuel Usage Activity Equipment Number Hours per day Horse- power Load Factor Days of Construction Total Horsepower- hours Fuel Rate (gal/hp-hr) Fuel Use (gallons) Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8 367 0.4 10 35,232 0.020615155 726 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8 84 0.37 10 9,946 0.019155948 191 Grading Graders 1 8 148 0.41 30 14,563 0.021167864 308 Excavators 2 8 36 0.38 30 6,566 0.019868435 130 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8 84 0.37 30 14,918 0.019155948 286 Scrapers 2 8 423 0.48 30 97,459 0.025007581 2,437 Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 367 0.4 30 35,232 0.020615155 726 Model Building Construction Cranes 3 8 82 0.2 300 118,080 0.010444038 1,233 Forklifts 1 8 14 0.74 300 24,864 0.091270819 2,269 Generator Sets 1 7 367 0.29 300 223,503 0.014896922 3,330 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8 46 0.45 300 49,680 0.033921011 1,685 Welder 3 7 84 0.37 300 195,804 0.019155948 3,751 Paving Pavers 2 8 81 0.42 20 10,886 0.021536901 234 Paving Equipment 2 8 89 0.36 20 10,253 0.01846541 189 Rollers 2 8 36 0.38 20 4,378 0.019837453 87 Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6 78 0.48 30 6,739 0.030915788 208 Total 17,790 Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 10 Table 7. Estimated Project Vehicle Fuel Usage Construction Source Number VMT Fuel Rate Gallons of Diesel Fuel Gallons of Gasoline Fuel Haul Trucks 188 3,760 6.04 623 0 Vendor Trucks 22 67,320 8.93 7,541 0 Worker Vehicles 141 433,455 26.49 0 16,361 Total 8,164 16,361 Table 8. Total Construction Fuel Usage Construction Source Gallons of Diesel Fuel Gallons of Gasoline Fuel Construction Vehicles 8,164 16,361 Off-road Construction Equipment 17,790 0 Total 25,954 16,361 Operation The operation of the proposed project would consume electricity, natural gas, and petroleum. The net energy consumption can be found in Table 9 below. Electricity and natural gas consumption were found in the Annual CalEEMod Output Sheets attached. The gasoline consumption rates utilize the same assumptions that were used for the worker vehicles. Table 9. Annual Operational Energy Requirements Electricity (Kilowatt-Hours) 1,783,796 Natural Gas (Thousands British Thermal Units) 6,792,784 Petroleum (gasoline) Consumption Annual VMT Gallons of Gasoline Fuel 4,797,226 181,072 Conclusion The proposed project has no unusual characteristics that would make the construction fuel and energy consumption associated with construction of the project less efficient compared with other similar construction sites throughout the state. The consumption would also be temporary and localized. Operation of the 191 single family residential units would comply with all the energy efficiency requirements under Title 24 and all applicable City business and energy codes ordinances. Therefore, the construction and operation of the project would result in a less than significant impact for inefficient, wasteful, or unnecessary energy use, and no mitigation would be required. Greenhouse Gas SCAQMD has convened a Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) CEQA Significance Threshold Working Group to help lead agencies determine significance thresholds for GHG emissions when SCAQMD is not the lead agency. The last working group was held September 2010 (Meeting No. 15)4 and proposed a tiered approach, equivalent to the existing consistency determination requirements in CEQA Guidelines Sections 15064(h)(3), 15125(d), or 15152(a). The most recent proposal issued in Meeting No. 15 uses a tiered approach, Tier 1 to Tier 5, to evaluate potential GHG impacts from various uses. The assessment of the proposed project applies the Tier 3: Numerical Screening Thresholds approach. Tier three consists of screening values in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) (converting other greenhouse gasses 4 SCAQMD 2010. Minutes of the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #15. Referenced on 9/21/2020 at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/greenhouse-gases-(ghg)-ceqa- significance-thresholds/year-2008-2009/ghg-meeting-15/ghg-meeting-15-minutes.pdf Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 11 to an equivalent impact of CO2). A project’s construction emissions are averaged over 30 years and are added to the project’s operational emissions. If a project’s emissions are below one of the following screening thresholds, then the project impact would be less than significant: • Option 1: All land use types: 3,000 MTCO2e per year • Option 2: Based on land use type: residential: 3,500 MTCO2e per year; commercial: 1,400 MTCO2e per year; or mixed use: 3,000 MT CO2e per year Executive Order S-3-05’s year 2050 goal is the basis of SCAQMD’ draft Tier 3 screening level thresholds. The objective of the Executive Order is to contribute to capping worldwide CO2 concentrations at 450 ppm, stabilizing global climate change. Option 1 was used for this analysis; therefore, the GHG threshold used is 3,000 MTCO2e per year. In addition to the SCAQMD threshold, the City of Lake Elsinore adopted the City of Lake Elsinore Climate Action Plan (CAP) (December 2011). Within the CAP, the City adopted an efficiency threshold of 6.6 MTCO2e per service population (SP) by 2020 and 4.4 MTCO2e per SP by 2030. Therefore, in addition to the 3,000 MTCO2e threshold, the Cities CAP threshold of 6.6 MTCO2e per SP was used. The project’s construction GHG emissions are shown in Table 10 and the overall construction and operational emissions are shown in Table 10 These emissions were calculated using the CalEEMod Model. The construction emissions are amortized over 30 years. As shown in Table 11, the net GHG emissions are 2,552 MTCO2e per year and 4.1 MTCO2e per SP, below the 3,000 MTCO2e per year and 6.6 MTCO2e per SP thresholds. Therefore, the project would have a less than significant GHG impact. Table 10. Project Construction GHG Emissions Activity Annual GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) 2023 547 2024 166 Total Emissions 713 Total Emissions Amortized Over 30 Years 24 Table 4. Total GHG Emissions Activity Annual GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) Project Operational Emissions Mobile 1,846 Area 4 Energy 645 Water 24 Waste 33 Total Project Gross Operation Emissions 2,552 Project Construction Emissions 24 Total Emissions 2,576 Total Emissions Per SP 4.1 Tier 3: Significance Threshold 3,000 CAP Threshold 6.6 Threshold Exceeded? No Conclusion The proposed project’s GHG emissions of 2,552 MTCO2e per year and 4.1 MTCO2e per service population are below the SCAQMD and CAP significance threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year and 6.6 Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 12 MTCO2e per service population for projects after 2020. Therefore, the project has a less then significant impact on GHG emissions. Additionally, the project will comply with the following mitigation measures (MMs) from the East Lake Specific Plan Final EIR: MM GHG-1: Prior to issuance of a building permit for new implementing development projects within the East Lake Specific Plan, the applicant shall be required to demonstrate compliance with the following: 1. Achieve 15% energy efficiency above 2016 Title 24, Part 6 for projects after 2018 and 5% energy efficiency above 2016 Title 24 for projects after 2020. 2. Reduce indoor water consumption by 30% for projects after 2018 and 35% for projects after 2020 above baseline identified in 2016 Title 24, Part 11. Project Applicability: MM GHG-1 is applicable to the proposed project and would be implemented as part of the building permitting process. Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 13 Figure 1: Project Site Plan Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 14 CalEEMod Output Sheets Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 1 / 36 Mission Trails Custom Report Table of Contents 1. Basic Project Information 1.1. Basic Project Information 1.2. Land Use Types 1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector 2. Emissions Summary 2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds 2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated 2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds 2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated 3. Construction Emissions Details 3.1. Site Preparation (2023) - Unmitigated 3.3. Grading (2023) - Unmitigated 3.5. Building Construction (2023) - Unmitigated 3.7. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 2 / 36 3.9. Paving (2024) - Unmitigated 3.11. Architectural Coating (2024) - Unmitigated 4. Operations Emissions Details 4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use 4.1.1. Unmitigated 4.2. Energy 4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated 4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated 4.3. Area Emissions by Source 4.3.2. Unmitigated 4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use 4.4.2. Unmitigated 4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use 4.5.2. Unmitigated 4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use 4.6.1. Unmitigated 4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 3 / 36 4.7.1. Unmitigated 4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type 4.8.1. Unmitigated 4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type 4.9.1. Unmitigated 4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type 4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated 4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated 4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated 5. Activity Data 5.1. Construction Schedule 5.2. Off-Road Equipment 5.2.1. Unmitigated 5.3. Construction Vehicles 5.3.1. Unmitigated 5.4. Vehicles 5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 4 / 36 5.5. Architectural Coatings 5.6. Dust Mitigation 5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities 5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies 5.7. Construction Paving 5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors 5.9. Operational Mobile Sources 5.9.1. Unmitigated 5.10. Operational Area Sources 5.10.1. Hearths 5.10.1.1. Unmitigated 5.10.2. Architectural Coatings 5.10.3. Landscape Equipment 5.11. Operational Energy Consumption 5.11.1. Unmitigated 5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption 5.12.1. Unmitigated Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 5 / 36 5.13. Operational Waste Generation 5.13.1. Unmitigated 5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment 5.14.1. Unmitigated 5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment 5.15.1. Unmitigated 5.16. Stationary Sources 5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps 5.16.2. Process Boilers 5.17. User Defined 5.18. Vegetation 5.18.1. Land Use Change 5.18.1.1. Unmitigated 5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type 5.18.1.1. Unmitigated 5.18.2. Sequestration 5.18.2.1. Unmitigated Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 6 / 36 8. User Changes to Default Data Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 7 / 36 1. Basic Project Information 1.1. Basic Project Information Data Field Value Project Name Mission Trails Lead Agency — Land Use Scale Project/site Analysis Level for Defaults County Windspeed (m/s)2.50 Precipitation (days)9.20 Location 33.635861197283006, -117.29196834393699 County Riverside-South Coast City Lake Elsinore Air District South Coast AQMD Air Basin South Coast TAZ 5521 EDFZ 11 Electric Utility Southern California Edison Gas Utility Southern California Gas 1.2. Land Use Types Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft)Landscape Area (sq ft) Special Landscape Area (sq ft) Population Description Single Family Housing 191 Dwelling Unit 10.5 327,064 131,187 —625 — Other Asphalt Surfaces 4.90 Acre 4.90 0.00 0.00 ——— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 8 / 36 City Park 1.31 Acre 1.31 0.00 49,208 49,208 —— Recreational Swimming Pool 9.12 1000sqft 0.21 9,120 0.00 0.00 —— 1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector No measures selected 2. Emissions Summary 2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit.ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Unmit.72.6 13.0 20.0 0.03 1.70 0.79 4,210 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Unmit.4.04 39.8 36.7 0.07 7.14 4.34 7,825 Average Daily (Max)——————— Unmit.6.39 12.2 15.0 0.02 1.59 0.81 3,302 Annual (Max)——————— Unmit.1.17 2.23 2.75 < 0.005 0.29 0.15 547 Exceeds (Daily Max)——————— Threshold 75.0 100 550 150 150 55.0 — Unmit.No No No No No No — Exceeds (Average Daily) ——————— Threshold 75.0 100 550 150 150 55.0 — Unmit.No No No No No No — Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 9 / 36 2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Year ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily - Summer (Max)——————— 2023 1.67 13.0 20.0 0.03 1.70 0.79 4,210 2024 72.6 12.3 19.4 0.03 1.64 0.74 4,180 Daily - Winter (Max)——————— 2023 4.04 39.8 36.7 0.07 7.14 4.34 7,825 2024 1.57 12.4 17.9 0.03 1.64 0.74 4,090 Average Daily ——————— 2023 1.42 12.2 15.0 0.02 1.59 0.81 3,302 2024 6.39 3.19 4.69 0.01 0.40 0.19 1,005 Annual ——————— 2023 0.26 2.23 2.75 < 0.005 0.29 0.15 547 2024 1.17 0.58 0.86 < 0.005 0.07 0.03 166 2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit.ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Unmit.16.5 7.77 64.4 0.13 3.96 0.89 16,266 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Unmit.14.8 8.08 45.9 0.12 3.95 0.89 15,486 Average Daily (Max)——————— Unmit.15.4 8.15 54.2 0.12 3.89 0.88 15,416 Annual (Max)——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 10 / 36 Unmit.2.81 1.49 9.90 0.02 0.71 0.16 2,552 Exceeds (Daily Max)——————— Threshold 55.0 55.0 550 150 150 55.0 — Unmit.No No No No No No — Exceeds (Average Daily) ——————— Threshold 55.0 55.0 550 150 150 55.0 — Unmit.No No No No No No — Exceeds (Annual)——————— Threshold ——————3,000 Unmit.——————No 2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Mobile 7.68 5.95 52.5 0.12 3.82 0.75 11,991 Area 8.71 0.11 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 30.7 Energy 0.10 1.72 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.14 3,897 Water ——————144 Waste ——————200 Refrig.——————2.39 Total 16.5 7.77 64.4 0.13 3.96 0.89 16,266 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Mobile 7.09 6.37 45.2 0.11 3.82 0.75 11,242 Area 7.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Energy 0.10 1.72 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.14 3,897 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 11 / 36 Water ——————144 Waste ——————200 Refrig.——————2.39 Total 14.8 8.08 45.9 0.12 3.95 0.89 15,486 Average Daily ——————— Mobile 6.90 6.36 45.9 0.11 3.74 0.73 11,151 Area 8.38 0.08 7.67 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 21.0 Energy 0.10 1.72 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.14 3,897 Water ——————144 Waste ——————200 Refrig.——————2.39 Total 15.4 8.15 54.2 0.12 3.89 0.88 15,416 Annual ——————— Mobile 1.26 1.16 8.37 0.02 0.68 0.13 1,846 Area 1.53 0.01 1.40 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.48 Energy 0.02 0.31 0.13 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 645 Water ——————23.9 Waste ——————33.2 Refrig.——————0.40 Total 2.81 1.49 9.90 0.02 0.71 0.16 2,552 3. Construction Emissions Details 3.1. Site Preparation (2023) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Onsite ——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 12 / 36 Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 3.95 39.7 35.5 0.05 1.81 1.66 5,314 Dust From Material Movement ————5.11 2.63 — Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.11 1.09 0.97 < 0.005 0.05 0.05 146 Dust From Material Movement ————0.14 0.07 — Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.02 0.20 0.18 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 24.1 Dust From Material Movement ————0.03 0.01 — Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Worker 0.09 0.11 1.20 0.00 0.01 0.00 239 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily ——————— Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 6.65 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 1.10 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 13 / 36 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.3. Grading (2023) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Onsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 3.72 37.3 31.4 0.06 1.59 1.47 6,621 Dust From Material Movement ————2.39 0.95 — Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.31 3.07 2.58 0.01 0.13 0.12 544 Dust From Material Movement ————0.20 0.08 — Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.06 0.56 0.47 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 90.1 Dust From Material Movement ————0.04 0.01 — Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Worker 0.10 0.12 1.37 0.00 0.02 0.00 273 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.01 1.07 0.25 0.01 0.08 0.04 931 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 14 / 36 Average Daily ——————— Worker 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 22.8 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.09 0.02 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 76.5 Annual ——————— Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 3.77 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 12.7 3.5. Building Construction (2023) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Onsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 1.26 11.8 13.2 0.02 0.55 0.51 2,406 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 1.26 11.8 13.2 0.02 0.55 0.51 2,406 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.76 7.17 7.99 0.01 0.34 0.31 1,459 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.14 1.31 1.46 < 0.005 0.06 0.06 242 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 15 / 36 Worker 0.39 0.38 6.58 0.00 0.06 0.00 1,083 Vendor 0.02 0.80 0.25 < 0.005 0.05 0.02 721 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Worker 0.37 0.45 4.99 0.00 0.06 0.00 992 Vendor 0.02 0.84 0.26 < 0.005 0.05 0.02 720 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily ——————— Worker 0.22 0.27 3.17 0.00 0.04 0.00 610 Vendor 0.01 0.51 0.15 < 0.005 0.03 0.01 437 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Worker 0.04 0.05 0.58 0.00 0.01 0.00 101 Vendor < 0.005 0.09 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 72.3 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.7. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Onsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 1.20 11.2 13.1 0.02 0.50 0.46 2,406 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 1.20 11.2 13.1 0.02 0.50 0.46 2,406 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily ——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 16 / 36 Off-Road Equipment 0.26 2.42 2.82 0.01 0.11 0.10 518 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.05 0.44 0.52 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 85.7 Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Worker 0.37 0.35 6.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 1,061 Vendor 0.02 0.77 0.24 < 0.005 0.05 0.02 713 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Worker 0.35 0.41 4.58 0.00 0.06 0.00 972 Vendor 0.02 0.81 0.25 < 0.005 0.05 0.02 712 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily ——————— Worker 0.07 0.09 1.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 212 Vendor < 0.005 0.17 0.05 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 153 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Worker 0.01 0.02 0.19 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 35.1 Vendor < 0.005 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 25.4 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.9. Paving (2024) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Onsite ——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 17 / 36 Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.85 7.81 10.0 0.01 0.39 0.36 1,517 Paving 0.64 —————— Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Average Daily ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.05 0.43 0.55 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 83.1 Paving 0.04 —————— Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.01 0.08 0.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 13.8 Paving 0.01 —————— Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Worker 0.08 0.07 1.25 0.00 0.01 0.00 219 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Average Daily ——————— Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 11.2 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 1.85 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 18 / 36 3.11. Architectural Coating (2024) - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Onsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.14 0.91 1.15 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 134 Architectural Coatings 72.4 —————— Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Average Daily ——————— Off-Road Equipment 0.01 0.07 0.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 11.0 Architectural Coatings 5.95 —————— Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Off-Road Equipment < 0.005 0.01 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.82 Architectural Coatings 1.09 —————— Onsite truck 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite ——————— Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Worker 0.07 0.07 1.21 0.00 0.01 0.00 212 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Average Daily ——————— Worker 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 16.2 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 19 / 36 Annual ——————— Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 0.00 2.68 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4. Operations Emissions Details 4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use 4.1.1. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Single Family Housing 7.68 5.95 52.5 0.12 0.71 0.28 11,991 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 7.68 5.95 52.5 0.12 0.71 0.28 11,991 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Single Family Housing 7.09 6.37 45.2 0.11 0.71 0.28 11,242 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 7.09 6.37 45.2 0.11 0.71 0.28 11,242 Annual ——————— Single Family Housing 1.26 1.16 8.37 0.02 0.13 0.05 1,846 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 20 / 36 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 1.26 1.16 8.37 0.02 0.13 0.05 1,846 4.2. Energy 4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Single Family Housing ——————1,714 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————0.00 Total ——————1,714 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Single Family Housing ——————1,714 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————0.00 Total ——————1,714 Annual ——————— Single Family Housing ——————284 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————0.00 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 21 / 36 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————0.00 Total ——————284 4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Single Family Housing 0.10 1.72 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.14 2,183 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 0.10 1.72 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.14 2,183 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Single Family Housing 0.10 1.72 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.14 2,183 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 0.10 1.72 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.14 2,183 Annual ——————— Single Family Housing 0.02 0.31 0.13 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 361 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 0.02 0.31 0.13 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 361 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 22 / 36 4.3. Area Emissions by Source 4.3.2. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Architectural Coatings 73.0 —————— Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Consumer Products 7.06 —————— Landscape Equipment 1.06 0.11 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 30.7 Total 81.1 0.11 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 30.7 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Consumer Products 7.06 —————— Architectural Coatings 0.60 —————— Total 7.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual ——————— Architectural Coatings 1.19 —————— Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Consumer Products 1.29 —————— Landscape Equipment 0.13 0.01 1.40 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.48 Total 2.61 0.01 1.40 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.48 4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use 4.4.2. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 23 / 36 Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Single Family Housing ——————128 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————8.84 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————7.96 Total ——————144 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Single Family Housing ——————128 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————8.84 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————7.96 Total ——————144 Annual ——————— Single Family Housing ——————21.1 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————1.46 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————1.32 Total ——————23.9 4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use 4.5.2. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 24 / 36 Single Family Housing ——————102 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————0.21 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————98.0 Total ——————200 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Single Family Housing ——————102 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————0.21 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————98.0 Total ——————200 Annual ——————— Single Family Housing ——————16.9 Other Asphalt Surfaces ——————0.00 City Park ——————0.04 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————16.2 Total ——————33.2 4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use 4.6.1. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Single Family Housing ——————2.34 City Park ——————0.00 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 25 / 36 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————0.04 Total ——————2.39 Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Single Family Housing ——————2.34 City Park ——————0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————0.04 Total ——————2.39 Annual ——————— Single Family Housing ——————0.39 City Park ——————0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool ——————0.01 Total ——————0.40 4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type 4.7.1. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipment Type ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Total ——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Total ——————— Annual ——————— Total ——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 26 / 36 4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type 4.8.1. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipment Type ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Total ——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Total ——————— Annual ——————— Total ——————— 4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type 4.9.1. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipment Type ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Total ——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Total ——————— Annual ——————— Total ——————— 4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type 4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 27 / 36 Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetation ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Total ——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Total ——————— Annual ——————— Total ——————— 4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Total ——————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Total ——————— Annual ——————— Total ——————— 4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10T PM2.5T CO2e Daily, Summer (Max)——————— Avoided ——————— Subtotal ——————— Sequestered ——————— Subtotal ——————— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 28 / 36 Removed ——————— Subtotal ——————— ———————— Daily, Winter (Max)——————— Avoided ——————— Subtotal ——————— Sequestered ——————— Subtotal ——————— Removed ——————— Subtotal ——————— ———————— Annual ——————— Avoided ——————— Subtotal ——————— Sequestered ——————— Subtotal ——————— Removed ——————— Subtotal ——————— ———————— 5. Activity Data 5.1. Construction Schedule Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description Site Preparation Site Preparation 1/2/2023 1/13/2023 5.00 10.0 — Grading Grading 1/14/2023 2/24/2023 5.00 30.0 — Building Construction Building Construction 2/25/2023 4/19/2024 5.00 300 — Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 29 / 36 Paving Paving 4/20/2024 5/17/2024 5.00 20.0 — Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 5/18/2024 6/28/2024 5.00 30.0 — 5.2. Off-Road Equipment 5.2.1. Unmitigated Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 367 0.40 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 84.0 0.37 Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41 Grading Excavators Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 84.0 0.37 Grading Scrapers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 423 0.48 Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 367 0.40 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 82.0 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 14.0 0.74 Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 367 0.29 Building Construction Welders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 46.0 0.45 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes Diesel Average 3.00 7.00 84.0 0.37 Paving Pavers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 81.0 0.42 Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 89.0 0.36 Paving Rollers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38 Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 6.00 37.0 0.48 5.3. Construction Vehicles Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 30 / 36 5.3.1. Unmitigated Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Site Preparation ———— Site Preparation Worker 17.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Site Preparation Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT Site Preparation Onsite truck ——HHDT Grading ———— Grading Worker 20.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Grading Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT Grading Hauling 12.5 20.0 HHDT Grading Onsite truck ——HHDT Building Construction ———— Building Construction Worker 72.6 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Building Construction Vendor 21.9 10.2 HHDT,MHDT Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT Building Construction Onsite truck ——HHDT Paving ———— Paving Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Paving Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT Paving Onsite truck ——HHDT Architectural Coating ———— Architectural Coating Worker 14.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2 Architectural Coating Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT Architectural Coating Onsite truck ——HHDT Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 31 / 36 5.4. Vehicles 5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user. 5.5. Architectural Coatings Phase Name Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft) Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) Non-Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft) Non-Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) Parking Area Coated (sq ft) Architectural Coating 662,305 220,768 10,580 3,527 12,807 5.6. Dust Mitigation 5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities Phase Name Material Imported (cy)Material Exported (cy)Acres Graded (acres)Material Demolished (sq. ft.)Acres Paved (acres) Site Preparation ——15.0 0.00 — Grading —3,000 90.0 0.00 — Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies Control Strategies Applied Frequency (per day)PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water Exposed Area 3 74%74% 5.7. Construction Paving Land Use Area Paved (acres)% Asphalt Single Family Housing 2.10 0% Other Asphalt Surfaces 4.90 100% City Park 0.00 0% Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 32 / 36 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0% 5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Year and Emission Factor (lb/MWh) Year kWh per Year CO2 CH4 N2O 2023 0.00 349 0.03 < 0.005 2024 0.00 349 0.03 < 0.005 5.9. Operational Mobile Sources 5.9.1. Unmitigated Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Year VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Year Single Family Housing 1,801 1,811 1,620 648,449 13,325 13,395 11,982 4,797,226 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.10. Operational Area Sources 5.10.1. Hearths 5.10.1.1. Unmitigated Hearth Type Unmitigated (number) Single Family Housing — Wood Fireplaces 0 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 33 / 36 Gas Fireplaces 0 Propane Fireplaces 0 Electric Fireplaces 0 No Fireplaces 191 Conventional Wood Stoves 0 Catalytic Wood Stoves 0 Non-Catalytic Wood Stoves 0 Pellet Wood Stoves 0 5.10.2. Architectural Coatings Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft)Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft)Non-Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft) Non-Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) Parking Area Coated (sq ft) 662304.6 220,768 10,580 3,527 12,807 5.10.3. Landscape Equipment Season Unit Value Snow Days day/yr 0.00 Summer Days day/yr 250 5.11. Operational Energy Consumption 5.11.1. Unmitigated Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr)CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Single Family Housing 1,783,796 349 0.0330 0.0040 6,792,784 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00 City Park 0.00 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 34 / 36 Recreational Swimming Pool 0.00 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00 5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption 5.12.1. Unmitigated Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year)Outdoor Water (gal/year) Single Family Housing 7,768,691 2,542,299 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.00 1,733,840 Recreational Swimming Pool 539,385 0.00 5.13. Operational Waste Generation 5.13.1. Unmitigated Land Use Waste (ton/year)Cogeneration (kWh/year) Single Family Housing 54.1 0.00 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 City Park 0.11 0.00 Recreational Swimming Pool 52.0 0.00 5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment 5.14.1. Unmitigated Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg)Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Single Family Housing Average room A/C & Other residential A/C and heat pumps R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 2.50 2.50 10.0 Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 35 / 36 1.000.000.600.121,430R-134aSingle Family Housing Household refrigerators and/or freezers City Park Other commercial A/C and heat pumps R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0 City Park Stand-alone retail refrigerators and freezers R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00 Recreational Swimming Pool Other commercial A/C and heat pumps R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0 Recreational Swimming Pool Stand-alone retail refrigerators and freezers R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00 5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment 5.15.1. Unmitigated Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor 5.16. Stationary Sources 5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Year Horsepower Load Factor 5.16.2. Process Boilers Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr)Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day)Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr) 5.17. User Defined Equipment Type Fuel Type —— Mission Trails Custom Report, 8/26/2022 36 / 36 5.18. Vegetation 5.18.1. Land Use Change 5.18.1.1. Unmitigated Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres 5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type 5.18.1.1. Unmitigated Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres 5.18.2. Sequestration 5.18.2.1. Unmitigated Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year)Natural Gas Saved (btu/year) 8. User Changes to Default Data Screen Justification Land Use Used Lot Acreage Based on Project Site Plan. Population based on City General Plan Construction: Construction Phases Do demolition required as the project site is vacant, Architectural coating increased due to number of homes. Operations: Vehicle Data Used trip rates from the project TIA (EPD Solutions 2022), used H-W Trip length from project VMT analysis. Operations: Hearths SCAQMD Rule 445 prohibits Wood Stoves for residential projects, no fireplaces proposed. Mission Trails Residential Development Air Quality/Energy/GHG Technical Memo 15 Fuel Calculations Model Output: OFFROAD2021 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory Region Type: Sub-Area Region: Los Angeles (SC) Calendar Year: 2023 Scenario: All Adopted Rules - Exhaust Vehicle Classification: OFFROAD2021 Equipment Types Units: tons/day for Emissions, gallons/year for Fuel, hours/year for Activity, Horsepower-hours/year for Horsepower-hours Region Calendar Year VehClass MdlYr HP_Bin Fuel Fuel Consumption Horsepower Hours Fuel Rate Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Rubber Tired Dozers Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 500097.625 24258737.06 0.020615 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 4521005.952 236010561.3 0.019156 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Graders Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1219588.655 57615102.54 0.021168 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Excavators Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 3247317.47 163441028 0.019868 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Scrapers Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 3229123.299 129125778.1 0.025008 Riverside (SC) 2023 Industrial - Forklifts Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 333090.6053 31892893.65 0.010444 Riverside (SC) 2023 Light Commercial - Misc - Generator Sets Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 162067.212 1775673.9 0.091271 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Cranes Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 730354.0108 49027176.74 0.014897 Riverside (SC) 2023 Light Commercial - Misc - Welders Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 164418.7033 4847105.1 0.033921 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Pavers Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 216588.4678 10056621.98 0.021537 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Paving Equipment Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 126017.34 6824508.06 0.018465 Riverside (SC) 2023 Construction and Mining - Rollers Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 561750.2216 28317658.57 0.019837 Riverside (SC) 2023 Light Commercial - Misc - Air Compressors Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 30570.64697 988836.1 0.030916 Source: EMFAC2021 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory Region Type: Sub-Area Region: Los Angeles (SC) Calendar Year: 2023 Season: Annual Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories Units: miles/year for CVMT and EVMT, trips/year for Trips, kWh/year for Energy Consumption, tons/year for Emissions, 1000 gallons/year for Fuel Consumption Region Calendar Year Vehicle Category Model Year Speed Fuel VMT Fuel Consumption Fuel Rate Riverside (SC) 2023 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 173580543.8 19444.4315 8.93 Riverside (SC) 2023 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 583570327 96603.14331 6.04 Source: EMFAC2021 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory Region Type: Sub-Area Region: Los Angeles (SC) Calendar Year: 2023 Season: Annual Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories Units: miles/year for CVMT and EVMT, trips/year for Trips, kWh/year for Energy Consumption, tons/year for Emissions, 1000 gallons/year for Fuel Consumption Region Calendar Year Vehicle Category Model Year Speed Fuel VMT Fuel Consumption Riverside (SC) 2023 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 7067158685 242806.6852 29.11 Riverside (SC) 2023 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 535313348.3 22207.82689 24.10 Riverside (SC) 2023 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2926985988 123727.7759 23.66 50/25/25 Split 26.49